FIGURE 1.

Modular design and construction of RNA nanostructures. (a) pRNA hexamer from phi29 DNA packaging motor (Reprinted with permission from Shu, Haque, et al. (2013). Copyright 2013 RNA society); (b) RNA square with tectoRNA motif (Reprinted with permission from Chworos et al. (2004). Copyright 2004 The American Association for the Advancement of Science); (c) RNA triangle with IIa motif from SVV IRES (Reprinted with permission from Boerneke et al. (2016)). Copyright 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) & RNA square with IIa-1 motif from HCV (Reprinted with permission from Dibrov et al. (2011). Copyright 2011 National Academy of Sciences; (d) RNA triangle and square with k-turn motif (Reprinted with permission from Huang and Lilley (2016). Copyright 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry); (e) RNA triangle with tetra-U motif (Reprinted with permission from Bui et al. (2017). Copyright 2017 Elsevier Inc).; (f) RNA-protein triangle with k-turn motif (Reprinted with permission from Ohno et al. (2011). Copyright 2011 Nature Publishing Group); (g) RNA tectosquare with RA, 3WJ, and tRNA motifs (Reprinted with permission from Severcan et al. (2009). Copyright 2009 American Chemical Society); (h) RNA nanoring based on RNAI/II inverse kissing complex (Reprinted with permission from Grabow et al. (2011). Copyright 2011 American Chemical Society); (i) RNA cube designed in silico (Reprinted with permission from Afonin et al. (2010). Copyright 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited); (j) pRNA-3WJ motif-based RNA tetrahedron (Reprinted with permission from Li et al. (2016). Copyright 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), pyramid (Reprinted with permission from Xu C et al. (2018). Copyright 2018 Springer Nature), & nanoprism (Reprinted with permission from Khisamutdinov et al. (2016)). Copyright 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.); (k) RNA polyhedron made of tRNA subunit (Reprinted with permission from Severcan et al. (2010). Copyright 2010 Macmillan Publishers Limited); (l) triangular and tetragonal RNA prism from re-engineered pRNA (Reprinted with permission from Hao et al. (2014). Copyright 2014 Macmillan Publishers Limited); (m) homo-octameric RNA prism with T-junction RNA tile (Reprinted with permission from Yu et al. (2015). Copyright 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited); (n) RNA dendrimers from pRNA-3WJ motif (Reprinted with permission from Sharma et al. (2015). Copyright 2015 Elsevier Inc.); (o) RNA nanoheart from a syntax of RNA modules (Reprinted with permission from Geary et al. (2017)). Copyright 2017 American Chemical Society