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Urothelial innate immunity. Bacteria bind to TLRs and form intracellular bacterial communities. UTI induces urothelial expression of the cytokine IL-6, which is involved in AMP expression, and the chemokine IL-8, which initiates neutrophil trafficking into the urinary space. Cell surface receptors CXCR1 and CXCR2 are expressed on urothelial cells to enhance neutrophil migration
