TABLE 3.

List of viruses that infect host plants with beneficial effects on host plant lives.

Virus name	Taxonomy		Virus particle	Virus genome	Genomic segmentation	Primary host plants/biological life cycle	Experimental host plants	Impact on the lives of crop or experimental plants	References
	Family	Genus
Acute viruses
Bromo mosaic virus (BMV) strain Russian	Bromoviridae	Bromovirus	Icosahedral	ss(+)RNA	Tripartite		Oryza sativa, Nicotiana benthamiana	Drought tolerance	Xu et al., 2008
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain Fny	Bromoviridae	Cucumovirus	Icosahedral	ss(+)RNA	Tripartite		Beta vulgaris, N. benthamiana, Chenopodium amaranthicolor, Arabidopsis thaliana	Drought and cold tolerance, alteration of pollinator preference, tolerance to deterioration	Xu et al., 2008; Mauck et al., 2010; Roossinck, 2011b; Westwood et al., 2013; Groen et al., 2016; Bueso et al., 2017
Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) strain U1	Tobamoviridae	Tobamovirus	Rod-shaped	ss(+)RNA	Monopartite		Nicotiana tabacum, N. benthamiana	Drought tolerance	Xu et al., 2008
Tobacco rattle virus (TRV)	Virgaviridae	Tobravirus	Rod-shaped	ss(+)RNA	Bipartite		N. benthamiana	Drought tolerance	Xu et al., 2008
White clover mosaic virus (WClMV)	Alphaflexiviridae	Potexvirus	Rod-shaped	ss(+)RNA	Monopartite		Trifolium repens	Less attractive to fungus gnats	van Molken et al., 2012
Zucchini yellow moaic virus (ZYMV)	Potyviridae	Potyvirus	Flexious	ss(+)RNA	Monopartite		Cucurbita pepo	Reducing plant susceptibility to powdery mildew infection	Harth et al., 2018
Zucchini yellow moaic virus (ZYMV)	Potyviridae	Potyvirus	Flexious	ss(+)RNA	Monopartite		Cucumis sativa	Less attractive to cucumber beetle, a vector of Erwinia tracheiphila	Shapiro et al., 2013
Latent viruses
Beet cryptic virus (BCV) 1 and 2	Partitiviridae	Alphacryptovirus Deltapartitivirus	Icosahedral	dsRNA	Bipartite	Beta vulgaris/ Biennial	Beta vulgaris	Prevent yield losses under drought in persistently infected plants	Xie et al., 1994
Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) strain Ho	Bromoviridae	Cucumovirus	Icosahedral	ss(+)RNA	Tripartite	Arabidopsis halleri/Perennial	Arabidopsis thaliana	Heat and drought tolerance, promotion of main root growth but suppression of lateral root development	Takahashi et al. in review
Pepper cryptic virus 1 (PCV-1)	Partitiviridae	Deltapartitivirus	Icosahedral	dsRNA	Bipartite	Capsicum annuum/ Annual	Capsicum annuum	Manipulation of aphid behavior, which is a vector of acute viruses	Safari et al., 2019
Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus (PvEV)	Endornaviridase	Endornavirus	No true capsid	dsRNA(1)	Monopartite	Phaseolus vulgaris/Annual	Phaseolus vulgaris	Beneficial physiological traits without visible pathogenic effect	Khankhum and Valverde, 2018
Southern tomato virus (STV)	Amalgaviridae	Amalgavirus	No true capsid	dsRNA	Monopartite	Solanum lycopersicum/Annual	Solanum lycopersicum	increased plant height, production of more fruit, higher germination rate of seeds in cultivar M82(2)	Fukuhara et al., 2019
White clover cryptic virus 1 (WCCV-1)	Partitiviridae	Alphacryptovirus	Icosahedral	dsRNA	Bipartite	Trifolium repens/Perennial	Trifolium repens	Suppression of root nodule formation when sufficient nitrogen is present	Nakatsukasa-Akune et al., 2005

⁽¹⁾Endornavirus has been characterized as dsRNA virus in Virus Taxonomy: Ninth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (Owens et al., 2012). However, in Tenth ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile (https://talk.ictvonline.org/ictv-reports/ictv_online_report/positive-sense-rna-viruses/w/endornaviridae), endornavirus consists of a single molecule of naked ss(+)RNA and its dsRNA is the viral replicative form, which is relatively stable and presents in relatively high quantities in the host tissue. ⁽²⁾The phenotypes given by infection with STV were only observed in Solanum lycopersicum cultivar M82.