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. 2019 Dec 6;13:537. doi: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00537

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Copyright © 2019 Ma, Zhang, Bai, Jiang, Yan and Wang.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment induced the phenotypic conversion of microglia from M1 to M2 and relieved inflammatory response in the ischemic penumbra after stroke. (A–D) Western blot analysis of the expression of M1 microglia markers nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) as well as M2 microglia markers arginase-1 (Arg-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the ischemic penumbra 72 h after reperfusion. The data were expressed as the mean ± SD and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. n = 5. ^∗∗p < 0.01 compared with the MCAO group. (E,F) The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). The data were expressed as the mean ± SD and were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. n = 5. ^∗p < 0.05, ^∗∗∗p < 0.001 compared with the MCAO group.