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. 2019 Dec 9;5(12):e02952. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02952

Table 3.

Regulatory factors and their gene expression in regarding L-proline accumulation, biosynthesis under different environmental stress conditions.

Regulatory factors Expression References
ALA Up- regulated the P5CS, proDH expression Xiong et al. (2018)
Gene OsNAC5 Increased the L-proline accumulation Iqbal et al. (2014)
SNP Enhanced the P5CS activity Fan et al. (2012)
SNP Reduced the PDH activity Fan et al. (2012)
24-Epibrassinolide Increased the L-proline accumulation Fariduddin et al. (2013)
High expression of KvP5CS1 and KvOAT and low expression of KvPDH Increased the L-proline accumulation under salt stress Wang et al. (2015)
Overexpression of bHLH protein Enhanced the L-proline accumulation under osmotic condition Liu et al. (2014), 2015
LY294002 overexpressed Down regulated the P5CS1 and Up-regulated the PRODH1 expression under salt stress Leprince et al. (2015)
Phytohormones Up-regulates the L-proline biosynthesis under salt stress Iqbal et al. (2014)
P5CS1 and P5CR are overexpressed Increased the biosynthesis of L-proline under drought stress Szabados and Savouré (2010); Lehmann et al. (2010)
ABI1 and CaM4 calmodulin-MYB2 pathway Up-regulates the P5CS1 transcription Knight et al. (1997); Strizhov et al. (1997); Yoo et al. (2005); Parre et al. (2007)
CAU1 Up-regulates ANAC055P5CS1 Fu et al. (2017)