Table 4.

Effect of exogenous L-proline on various antioxidative enzyme and metabolites.

Plants	Response/Effect	Reference
Cicer arietinum	Enhanced SOD, CAT and POD enzymes activities under Cd stress	Hayat et al. (2013)
Eurya emarginata	Alleviated salt stress by increasing the CAT, POD, and GPX enzymes activities	Zheng et al. (2015)
Glycine max	Enhanced nitrogenase activity under drought stress in bacteroid nodule	Pedersen et al. (1996)
Mung bean	Increased phenolics content under chilling stress	Posmyk and Janas (2007)
	Alleviated salt stress by enhancement of glutathione rductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities	Hossain and Fujita (2010)
Nicotiana tabacum	Alleviated salt stress by reducing membrane damage	Okuma et al. (2004)
	Increased superoxide dismutase, L-proline oxidase and catalase activities in salt stress condition	Hoque et al. (2007a)
Nicotiana tabacum cv. Bright Yellow-2 (BY-2) cells	Enhanced antioxidative enzymes activities (CAT and SOD) under Cd stress	Islam et al. (2009)
Olea europaea cv. Chemlali	Increased SOD, CAT and APX enzymes activities under salt stress	Ben Ahmed et al. (2010)
	Mitigated Cd stress by improvement of antioxidative enzymes activities such as CAT, SOD, GPX and APX	Zouari et al. (2016)
Pancratium maritimum	Mitigated salt stress by protecting enzymes	Khedr et al. (2003)
Phoenix dactylifera	Enhanced catalase, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities in both leaves and roots under Cd stress	Zouari et al. (2016)
Vicia faba	Increased soluble sugar, hydrolysable sugar and soluble protein contents under salt stress	Gadallah (1999)
Zea mays	Protect 3D structure of enzymes against cold stress	Schobert (1977); Paleg et al. (1984)
	L-proline-primed seed increases POD and APX activity while soil watered with 5 μM and 50 μM concentration of Cd	Karalija and Selovic (2018)