Fig. 8.

Embodiments of potential clinical applications of photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) systems. (a-c) Cross-sectional ultrasound (US), photoacoustic (PA), and PA and US overlay images of a swine coronary artery in vivo. PAI clearly visualised a lipid core (in yellow circle). (a)-(c) was adapted from Ref. [126] with permission. (d-f) Cross-sectional US, PA, and PA and US overlay images of a vascular stent of rabbit thoracic artery in vivo. (d)-(f) was adapted from Ref. [127] with permission. (g) co-registered 3D PA (red) and US (green) image of a rat colon. The dotted arrows marked mesenteric tissue entangled around the tract. SP, sphincter. Horizontal scale bar, 1 cm; vertical scale bar, 5 mm. (h) functional image of the blood oxygen saturation level from the inside of the colon shown in (g). (g)-(h) was adapted from Ref. [57] with permission.