Table 1.
Associations between patient and tumor parameters and development of liver or lung metastasis, calculated by univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; IMV, inferior mesenteric vein; TRG, tumor regression grade (histologic tumor response to neoadjuvant therapy).
| Liver metastasis |
Lung metastasis |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Univariable analysis | n | HR (95% CI) | p | n | HR (95% CI) | p |
| Sex (male as reference) | 545 | 1.93 (1.03–3.61) | 0.040 | 538 | 0.55 (0.32–0.97) | 0.037 |
| Increasing age | 545 | 0.36 (0.09–1.38) | 0.14 | 538 | 1.05 (0.22–4.94) | 0.95 |
| Increasing BMI | 225 | 2.07 (0.18–24.3) | 0.56 | 215 | 1.75 (0.09–35.0) | 0.72 |
| Increasing IMV diameter | 102 | 23.21 (1.06–507) | 0.046 | 88 | 0.13 (0.02–7.52) | 0.32 |
| Increasing tumor distance from the anal verge | 376 | 0.99 (0.95–1.04) | 0.80 | 370 | 0.99 (0.94–1.03) | 0.57 |
| Increasing tumor volume | 189 | 1.86 (1.20–2.87) | 0.005 | 170 | 0.86 (0.51–1.45) | 0.57 |
| TRG (1 as reference) | 315 | 3.69 (1.66–8.23) | 0.001 | 313 | 1.09 (0.56–2.10) | 0.80 |
| Liver metastasis |
||||||
| Multivariable analysis |
n |
HR (95% CI) |
p |
|||
| Sex (male as reference) | 121 | 2.88 (0.95–8.73) | 0.062 | |||
| Increasing tumor volume | 121 | 1.01 (0.61–1.68) | 0.75 | |||
| TRG (1 as reference) | 121 | 4.67 (1.76–12.4) | 0.002 | |||
A certain number of patients died or were lost to follow-up without occurrence of a metastatic event or available clinical data varied for the different calculations, which explains patient numbers (n) different from the total of 550. In addition, BMI, tumor distance from the anal verge, and TRG were missing for one of the cohorts, and tumor volume was determined only for selected patients in two of the cohorts. IMV diameter was determined in only one cohort.