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. 2019 Apr 24;67(49):13478–13486. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01367

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Representation of the 8-prenylnaringenin and isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. Six A. thaliana genes were overexpressed: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase; CPR, cytochrome P450 reductase; 4CL, 4-coumarate-CoA ligase; CHS, chalcone synthase; and CHI, chalcone isomerase; one gene from S. flavescens: FPT, flavonoid prenyltransferase; one gene from R. capsulatus: TAL, tyrosine ammonia lyase; and one truncated gene from S. cerevisiae: tHMG1, truncated 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase. All enzyme names are in green. Dark blue arrows indicate the 8-prenylnaringenin and isoprenoid biosynthesis pathways. The purple dashed arrow indicates a route to the side-product phloretic acid, which is produced by the catalytic activity of endogenous TSC13 (a double-bond reductase). The green arrow indicates a truncated and deregulated copy of the rate-limiting enzyme HMG-CoA reductase (tHMG1).