Table 2.
EQ-5D total score by socio-demographic and clinical variables
| Variable | Total Frequency (%) or median [Q1-Q3] N = 275 |
Patients with better HRQoL Frequency (%) or median [Q1-Q3] n = 140 |
Patients with worse HRQoL Frequency (%) or median [Q1-Q3] n = 135 |
p-value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | ||||
| < 48 | 28(10.2) | 21(15.0) | 7(5.2) | 0.025b |
| 48–57 | 77(28.0) | 43(30.7) | 34(25.2) | |
| 58–67 | 114(41.5) | 54(38.6) | 60(44.4) | |
| 68–77 | 43(15.6) | 16(11.4) | 27(20.0) | |
| ≥ 78 | 13(4.7) | 6(4.3) | 7(5.2) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 121(44.0) | 56(40.0) | 65(48.1) | 0.174 b |
| Male | 154(56.0) | 84(60.0) | 70(51.9) | |
| Residency | ||||
| City | 108 (39.3) | 54(38.6) | 54(40.0) | 0.820 b |
| Village | 135(49.1) | 71(50.7) | 64(47.4) | |
| Palestinian refugee camps | 32(11.6) | 15(10.7) | 17(12.6) | |
| Social status | ||||
| Married | 198(72.0) | 103(73.6) | 95(70.4) | 0.554 b |
| Single, widowed, divorced | 77(28.0) | 37(26.4) | 40(29.6) | |
| Educational level | ||||
| No formal | 66(24.0) | 28(20.0) | 38(28.1) | 0.181 b |
| Primary | 106(38.5) | 52(37.1) | 54(40.0) | |
| Secondary | 60(21.8) | 33(23.6) | 27(20.0) | |
| University | 43(15.6) | 27(19.3) | 16(11.9) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Employed | 129(46.9) | 77(55.0) | 52(38.5) | 0.006b |
| Unemployed | 146(53.1) | 63(45.0) | 83(61.5) | |
| Income (NIS) | ||||
| Moderate to high | 116(42.2) | 67(47.9) | 49(36.3) | 0.052 b |
| Low | 159(57.8) | 73(52.1) | 86(63.7) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal | 49(17.8) | 27(19.3) | 22(16.3) | 0.390 b |
| Overweight | 129(46.9) | 69(49.3) | 60(44.4) | |
| Obese | 97(35.3) | 44(31.4) | 53(39.3) | |
| Cigarette | ||||
| Not smoker | 144(52.4) | 79(56.4) | 65(48.1) | 0.541 b |
| Light | 7(2.5) | 4(2.9) | 3(2.2) | |
| Moderate | 36(13.1) | 18(12.9) | 18(13.3) | |
| Heavy | 13(4.7) | 7(5.0) | 6(4.4) | |
| Ex-smoker | 75(27.3) | 32(22.9) | 43(31.9) | |
| Duration of the disease (year) | ||||
| ≤ 3 | 139 (50.5) | 82(58.6) | 57(42.2) | 0.025b |
| 4–5 | 71 (25.8) | 31(22.1) | 40(29.6) | |
| > 5 | 65 (23.6) | 27(19.3) | 38(28.1) | |
| Total number of medications | ||||
| 1–3 | 81(29.5) | 25(18.5) | 56(40.0) | < 0.001b |
| 4–6 | 161(58.5) | 87(64.4) | 74(52.9) | |
| ≥ 7 | 33(12.0) | 23(17.0) | 10(7.1) | |
| Total number of chronic diseases | ||||
| 0 | 13(4.7) | 3(2.2) | 10(7.1) | < 0.001b |
| 1 | 38(13.8) | 9(6.7) | 29(20.7) | |
| 2 | 84(30.5) | 44(32.6) | 40(28.6) | |
| 3 | 73(26.5) | 34(25.2) | 39(27.9) | |
| ≥ 4 | 67(24.4) | 45(33.3) | 22(15.7) | |
| PEPPI-5 | 17[15–20] | 18[16–20] | 16[13–8] | < 0.001c |
| SEMCD-6 | 5.8[5–6.8] | 6.3[5.4–7.3] | 5.5[4.7–6.5] | < 0.001c |
| SCSES | 34[29–38] | 37[31–40] | 31[26–36] | < 0.001c |
EQ-5D European Quality of Life scale 5 dimensions, NIS New Israeli Shekel, BMI body mass index, PEPPI-5 Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions, SEMCD-6 Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, SCSES Sullivan’s cardiac self-efficacy scale 13-items, Q1-Q2 Quartile 1 - Quartile 3
a The bold values indicate P < 0.05
b Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Pearson Chi-Square test
c Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test