Table 3.
EQ-VAS by socio-demographic and clinical characteristics
| Variable | Total Frequency (%) or median [Q1-Q3] N = 275 |
Patients with better HRQoL Frequency (%) or median [Q1-Q3] n = 148 |
Patients with worse HRQoL Frequency (%) or median [Q1-Q3] n = 127 |
p-value a |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (year) | ||||
| < 48 | 28(10.2) | 23 (15.5) | 5 (3.9) | 0.008b |
| 48–57 | 77(28.0) | 42 (28.4) | 35 (27.6) | |
| 58–67 | 114(41.5) | 60 (40.5) | 54 (42.5) | |
| 68–77 | 43(15.6) | 16 (10.8) | 27 (21.3) | |
| ≥ 78 | 13(4.7) | 7 (4.7) | 6 (4.7) | |
| Gender | ||||
| Female | 121(44.0) | 62 (41.9) | 59 (46.5) | 0.447 b |
| Male | 154(56.0) | 86 (58.1) | 68 (53.5) | |
| Residency | ||||
| City | 108 (39.3) | 57 (38.5) | 51 (40.2) | 0.819 b |
| Village | 135(49.1) | 75 (50.7) | 60 (47.2) | |
| Palestinian refugee camps | 32(11.6) | 16 (10.8) | 16 (12.6) | |
| Social status | ||||
| Married | 198(72.0) | 113 (76.4) | 85 (66.9) | |
| Single, widowed, divorced | 77(28.0) | 35 (23.6) | 42 (33.1) | 0.083 b |
| Educational level | ||||
| No formal | 66(24.0) | 27 (18.2) | 39 (30.7) | |
| Primary | 106(38.5) | 51 (34.5) | 55 (43.3) | < 0.001b |
| Secondary | 60(21.8) | 34 (30.0) | 26 (20.5) | |
| University | 43(15.6) | 36 (24.3) | 7 (5.5) | |
| Occupation | ||||
| Employed | 129(46.9) | 88 (59.5) | 41 (32.3) | < 0.001b |
| Unemployed | 146(53.1) | 60 (40.5) | 86 (67.7) | |
| Income (NIS) | ||||
| Moderate to high | 116(42.2) | 79 (53.4) | 37 (29.1) | < 0.001b |
| Low | 159(57.8) | 69 (46.6) | 90 (70.9) | |
| BMI | ||||
| Normal | 49(17.8) | 24 (16.2) | 25 (19.7) | 0.570 b |
| Overweight | 129(46.9) | 68 (45.9) | 61 (48.0) | |
| Obese | 97(35.3) | 56 (37.8) | 41 (32.3) | |
| Cigarette | ||||
| Not smoker | 144(52.4) | 85 (57.4) | 59 (60.5) | 0.257 b |
| Light | 7(2.5) | 4 (2.7) | 3 (2.4) | |
| Moderate | 36(13.1) | 17 (11.5) | 19 (15.0) | |
| Heavy | 13(4.7) | 4 (2.7) | 9 (7.1) | |
| Ex-smoker | 75(27.3) | 38 (25.7) | 37 (29.1) | |
| Duration of the disease (year) | ||||
| ≤ 3 | 139 (50.5) | 86(58.1) | 53(41.7) | |
| 4–5 | 71 (25.8) | 38(25.7) | 33(26/0) | < 0.001b |
| > 5 | 65 (23.6) | 24(16.2) | 41(32.3) | |
| Total number of medications | ||||
| 1–3 | 81(29.5) | 47 (31.8) | 34 (26.8) | 0.055 b |
| 4–6 | 161(58.5) | 78 (52.7) | 83 (65.4) | |
| ≥ 7 | 33(12.0) | 23 (15.5) | 10 (7.9) | |
| Total number of chronic diseases | ||||
| 0 | 13(4.7) | 11 (7.4) | 2 (1.6) | |
| 1 | 38(13.8) | 22 (14.9) | 16 (12.6) | 0.070 b |
| 2 | 84(30.5) | 37 (25.0) | 47 (37.0) | |
| 3 | 73(26.5) | 41 (27.7) | 32 (25.2) | |
| ≥ 4 | 67(24.4) | 37 (25.0) | 30 (23.6) | |
| PEPPI-5 | 17[15–20] | 18[16–20] | 16[14–19] | 0.002c |
| SEMCD-6 | 5.8[5–6.8] | 6.1[5.3–6.8] | 5.5[4.8–6.8] | 0.005c |
| SCSES | 34[29–38] | 37[30–40] | 31[27–36] | < 0.001c |
EQ-VAS European Quality of Life visual analogue scale, NIS New Israeli Shekel, BMI body mass index, PEPPI-5 Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions, SEMCD-6 Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale, SCSES Sullivan’s cardiac self-efficacy scale 13-items, Q1-Q2 Quartile 1 - Quartile 3
a The bold values indicate P < 0.05
b Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Pearson Chi-Square test
c Statistical significance of differences calculated using the Mann–Whitney U test