Table 4.

Comparison of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function at rest, during exercise, and recovery phase

	Controls (n = 24)	CSFP ExECG (−) (n = 24)	CSFP ExECG (+) (n = 6)	P-value
LV end-diastolic volume (ml)
Baseline	85.44 ± 17.27	76.23 ± 16.66	76.90 ± 14.58	0.13
Exercise	83.87 ± 17.35	73.96 ± 19.47	77.06 ± 15.67	0.22
Recovery	84.34 ± 16.61	76.42 ± 16.87	77.29 ± 15.54	0.10
P-value	0.84	0.82	0.96
LV ejection fraction (%)
Baseline	63.67 ± 2.37	63.00 ± 4.00	65.16 ± 3.39	0.11
Exercise	68.00 ± 2.89*	68.50 ± 3.29*	67.35 ± 2.24	0.37
Recovery	64.00 ± 3.31#	63.46 ± 3.88#	65.00 ± 2.75	0.30
P-value	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.09
LV GLS (%)
Baseline	−21.30 ± 2.37	−19.77 ± 2.43	−19.50 ± 1.13	0.05
Exercise	−23.18 ± 2.46*	−23.85 ± 2.77*	−17.29 ± 1.76*	< 0.001
Recovery	−21.00 ± 1.94#	−19.17 ± 2.52#	−16.84 ± 1.40*	< 0.001
P-value	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.02
LA volume index (ml/m2)
Baseline	29.24 ± 7.33	31.08 ± 5.69	31.53 ± 6.56	0.73
Exercise	28.72 ± 7.58	30.48 ± 6.21	31.83 ± 6.11	0.51
Recovery	29.05 ± 7.21	30.91 ± 6.28	31.55 ± 6.00	0.69
P-value	0.63	0.70	0.65
Mitral E (cm/s)
Baseline	72.42 ± 16.79	72.58 ± 18.10	58.67 ± 8.96	0.17
Exercise	95.83 ± 17.40*	92.08 ± 30.27*	94.00 ± 10.32*	0.86
Recovery	73.83 ± 14.65#	65.33 ± 15.52*#	62.67 ± 8.50#	0.08
P-value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Mitral average e’ (cm/s)
Baseline	8.33 ± 1.93	7.33 ± 1.63	7.00 ± 0.89	0.08
Exercise	11.75 ± 2.67*	10.36 ± 2.19*	9.67 ± 0.52*	0.06
Recovery	8.00 ± 1.77#	7.92 ± 1.64#	8.33 ± 0.52#	0.85
P-value	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002
Mitral average E/e’
Baseline	9.08 ± 2.65	8.09 ± 0.87	7.80 ± 2.90	0.18
Exercise	8.52 ± 2.11	8.70 ± 2.91	9.79 ± 1.60*	0.52
Recovery	9.45 ± 1.83	8.53 ± 2.38	7.54 ± 1.14#	0.09
P-value	0.31	0.37	0.02

Values shown are mean ± SD. Abbreviations: LV, left ventricle; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LA, left atrium; E, early diastolic flow velocity; A, late diastolic flow velocity; e’, early diastolic annular velocity

^*P < 0.05 vs. baseline; ^#P < 0.05 vs. exercise