Fig. 2.

Comparison of the effects of two different consortia of cultured human gut bacterial strains on energy expenditure. a Experimental protocol. Mice underwent qMR measurements, indirect open-circuit calorimetry, and quantitation of food intake at the time points indicated. b Example of diurnal indirect open-circuit calorimetry of a mouse colonized with consortium A placed in the metabolic chamber at 0600 h with free access to water but not food. Red tracing indicates the measurements used to calculate mean diurnal VO₂. Orange denotes periods excluded from the analysis when the mouse was initially placed in the metabolic chamber and when the chamber was open for introduction of food at 1730 h. c Mean diurnal VO₂ in mice colonized with bacterial consortium A from the lean co-twin compared to bacterial consortium B from the obese co-twin (data derived from measurements made from six animals/treatment group from dpg 21 to 27; mean values ± SD are plotted). d Percent relative cumulative frequency (PRCF) of diurnal VO₂ in mice colonized with consortium A compared to mice colonized with consortium B. Solid lines represent mean values with the shaded areas indicating the standard deviation. e LogEC50 of PRCF of diurnal VO₂ in animals containing consortium A and consortium B. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 (Student’s t test). Abbreviations; qMR, quantitative magnetic resonance; LoSF-HiFV, low saturated fat, high fruits and vegetables diet