Fig. 2.

α-Synuclein upregulated the expression of CXCL12 in microglia. a Primary microglia were sorted by anti-CD11b-conjugated microbeads from 12 neonatal mice once. b The sorting efficiency was assessed by flow cytometry. c The concentration of CXCL12 in the supernatant of primary microglia was measured by ELISA after stimulation by α-synuclein or BSA. d BV-2 cells were stimulated by α-synuclein or BSA; supernatants were collected at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h; and the concentration of CXCL12 was evaluated by ELISA. e The expression of CXCR4 in BV-2 cells was determined by western blot after stimulation by α-synuclein. f BV-2 cells were stained for CXCR4 (red) after stimulation for 48 h with α-synuclein. Images were captured with a fluorescence microscope. Scale bar = 25 μm. The data are shown as the mean ± SEM for three independent experiments. **p < 0.01. *p < 0.05. BSA served as a control