Table 2.
Comparisons among DD levels, anxiety and depressive symptoms according to age (age < 25 years: n = 21; age ≥ 25 years: n = 49)—Anova
| Variable | Mean ± SD/median | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| DDS-total | ||
| < 25 | 30.48 ± 15.05/25.00 | 0.0048 |
| ≥ 25 | 42.84 ± 21.07/36.00 | |
| DDS-S1 | ||
| < 25 | 12.14 ± 8.46/10.00 | 0.1821 |
| ≥ 25 | 14.51 ± 8.50/12.00 | |
| DDS-S2 | ||
| < 25 | 4.86 ± 1.71/4.00 | 0.0413 |
| ≥ 25 | 6.94 ± 4.81/5.00 | |
| DDS-S3 | ||
| < 25 | 12.57 ± 7.33/10.00 | 0.1144 |
| ≥ 25 | 15.41 ± 7.90/15.00 | |
| DDS-S4 | ||
| < 25 | 4.95 ± 3.25/4.00 | 0.2048 |
| ≥ 25 | 6.57 ± 4.38/5.00 | |
| HAD-A | ||
| < 25 | 7.33 ± 4.23/7.00 | 0.7611 |
| ≥ 25 | 8.04 ± 5.28/7.00 | |
| HAD-D | ||
| < 25 | 5.76 ± 4.04/5.00 | 0.3522 |
| ≥ 25 | 7.16 ± 5.45/6.00 | |
DDS total score (DDS: Diabetes Distress Scale); DDS-S1 score (S1: emotional burden); DDS-S2 score (S2: physician distress); DDS-S3 score (S3: regimen distress); DDS-S4 score (S4: interpersonal distress); HAD-A score: anxiety symptoms (Anxiety subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale); HAD-D score: depressive symptoms (depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). Values expressed as mean, SD (standard deviation), and median