Table 4.
Comparisons among DD levels, anxiety and depressive symptoms according to chronic complications (yes: n = 45; no: n = 25)—Anova
| Variable | Complications | Mean ± SD/median | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| DDS | |||
| Yes | 41.93 ± 20.29/38.00 | 0.5959 | |
| No | 34.08 ± 19.34/29.00 | ||
| DDS-S1 | |||
| Yes | 14.58 ± 8.21/12.00 | 0.7011 | |
| No | 12.40 ± 8.99/9.00 | ||
| DDS-S2 | |||
| Yes | 6.87 ± 4.95/4.00 | 0.6223 | |
| No | 5.32 ± 2.23/4.00 | ||
| DDS-S3 | |||
| Yes | 15.36 ± 7.63/15.00 | 0.8381 | |
| No | 13.12 ± 8.03/10.00 | ||
| DDS-S4 | |||
| Yes | 6.22 ± 3.73/5.00 | 0.4695 | |
| No | 5.84 ± 4.81/3.00 | ||
| HAD-A | |||
| Yes | 8.00 ± 4.84/7.00 | 0.3559 | |
| No | 7.52 ± 5.28/7.00 | ||
| HAD-D | |||
| Yes | 7.38 ± 5.07/7.00 | 0.1989 | |
| No | 5.60 ± 4.98/4.00 | ||
DDS total score (DDS: Diabetes Distress Scale); DDS-S1 score (S1: emotional burden); DDS-S2 score (S2: physician distress); DDS-S3 score (S3: regimen distress); DDS-S4 score (S4: interpersonal distress); HAD-A score: anxiety symptoms (HAD-A: anxiety subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale); HAD-D score: depressive symptoms (HAD-D: depression subscale of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale). T1D chronic complications 0–3: retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy. Values expressed as mean, SD (standard deviation) and median