Difference in QOL for transgender individuals who had recent initial gender-affirming medical treatment and those who had no treatment at all. Means are adjusted for all covariates (gender identity, income, race/ethnicity, education, employment status, relationship status, and health insurance status). The bar which connects the two age groups shows the significant interaction of age group and medical treatment, after adjusting for covariates. *p < 0.05. Among transgender individuals who were 18–59 years old, those who had no treatment had an average QOL score of 2.15, and those who had recent initial gender-affirming medical treatment had an average QOL score of 2.64. Among transgender individuals who were 60 years old or older, those who had no treatment had an average QOL score of 2.05, and those who had recent initial gender-affirming medical treatment had an average QOL score of 3.33. QOL, quality of life.