Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Variables between the Two Groups
| Active | Sham | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (A) Key clinical and demographic variables were comparable between the two groups | |||||||||
| Age (years) | 43 ± 13 | 50 ± 18 | |||||||
| Sex | 7 M, 2 F | 4 M, 2 F | |||||||
| Duration since TBI (years) | 8.4 ± 8.2 | 8.1 ± 11.3 | |||||||
| TBI mechanism | 4/9 MVC 2/9 military/fire 1/9 sports 3/9 other |
3/6 MVC 3/6 sports |
|||||||
| Duration of depression (years) | 4.8 ± 4.2 | 7.7 ± 9.9 | |||||||
| Treatment trials (antidepressants, augmentation, or CBT) | 4.8 ± 3.0 | 5.4 ± 3.4 | |||||||
| Comorbid PTSD | 4/9 | 3/6 | |||||||
| Age | Gender | TBI Mechanism | TBI severity | Structural MRI abnormalities | Duration since TBI (year) | Duration of depression (year) | Antidepressant trials | Augmentation trials | Psychiatric comorbidities |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (B) Baseline clinical characteristics for each subject | |||||||||
| Active | |||||||||
| 20 | M | Assault | Concussive | None | 1 | 3-4 | 5 | 3 | N/A |
| 44 | M | IED blast | Concussive | None | 6 | 5-6 | 8 | 3 | PTSD |
| 38 | M | Sports | Concussive (multiple) | None | 10 to 20 | 2-3 | 3 | 0 | Anxiety |
| 58 | M | Firefighting injury | Concussive | None | 15 | 15 | 5 | 0 | PTSD |
| 34 | M | MVC | Concussive | None | 0.5 | 0.5 | 4 | 0 | PTSD |
| 64 | M | Multiple (accident, MVC, fall) | Concussive (multiple) | None | 2 to 50 | 2.5 | 4 | 0 | N/A |
| 55 | F | MVC | Concussive | None | 2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | PTSD |
| 38 | M | Accident | Moderate | Focal atrophy | 6 | 6 | 1 | 0 | N/A |
| 39 | F | MVC | Moderate | Focal atrophy | 5 | 5 | 3 | 1 | Anxiety |
| Sham | |||||||||
| 61 | F | MVC | Concussive | None | 0.5 | 0.5 | 1 | 1 | N/A |
| 36 | F | MVC | Concussive | None | 2.5 | 2.5 | 3 | 1 | PTSD |
| 65 | M | MVC | Concussive | None | 3 | 3 | 6 | 0 | PTSD, resolved |
| 19 | M | Sports | Concussive (multiple) | None | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 | Anxiety; cannabis use disorder |
| 51 | M | Sports | Concussive (multiple) | None | 20 to 30 | 25 | 9 | 2 | N/A |
| 56 | M | Sports | Concussive (multiple) | None | 20 to 40 | 6 | 3 | 1 | PTSD |
M, male; F, female; TBI, traumatic brain injury; MVC, motor vehicle collision ; CBT, cognitive-behavioral therapy; PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; N/A, not applicable; IED, improvised explosive device.