Figure 2.

CS suppresses the cytokine production of HaCaT cells. HaCaT cells were pretreated in the absence or presence of CS extract at the indicated concentrations. Cells were treated with 10 ng/mL TNF-α and IFN-γ for 24 h. The supernatant was collected and analyzed by using ELISA. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01 indicate a significant difference between untreated and TNF-α and IFN-γ-treated groups or between the TNF-α and IFN-γ-treated group and the CS‑treated group.