Table 1.
Participant Characteristics
| Characteristics | All (n = 60) | South Asian (n = 30) | White European (n = 30) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 70.0 (67, 75) | 69 (66, 75) | 71 (67, 76) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.6 (24.9, 28.3) | 26.7 (23.7, 29.5) | 26.5 (25.0, 28.3) |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 94.0 (86.0, 100.0) | 95.5 (84.5, 98.0) | 92.0 (87.0, 98.0) |
| Sex (female) | 29 (48) | 15 (50) | 14 (47) |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 24.4 (19.1, 32.4) | 25.5 (19.6, 31.6) | 22.1 (18.4, 32.6) |
| Sit-to-stand (repetitions during 60 s) | 23 (19, 27) | 21 (19, 26) | 24 (21, 27) |
| Smoke | |||
| Never | 44 (73) | 28 (93) | 16 (53) |
| Past | 14 (23) | 1 (3) | 13 (43) |
| Current | 2 (3) | 1 (3) | 1 (2) |
| Blood pressure medication | 15 (25) | 9 (30) | 6 (20) |
| Lipid-lowering medication | 7 (12) | 6 (20) | 1 (3) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 142 (132, 155) | 142 (136, 158) | 142 (121, 156) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 75 (70, 83) | 74 (67, 84) | 76 (73, 83) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.6 (3.8, 5.5) | 4.4 (3.8, 5.1) | 4.7 (3.8, 5.6) |
| HDL cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.1, 1.7) | 1.3 (1.1, 1.5) | 1.6 (1.2, 1.9) |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L)† | 8.6 (5.0, 12.6) | 11.0 (7.6, 13.4) | 6.6 (4.6, 11.8) |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)† | 5.1 (4.6, 5.5) | 5.1 (4.7, 5.6) | 5.0 (4.4, 5.5) |
| HOMA-IR | 1.81 (1.11, 2.86) | 1.48 (0.97, 2.54) | 2.25 (1.51, 3.46) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L)† | 0.9 (0.6, 1.1) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.4) | 0.7 (0.5, 0.9) |
| Time spent sedentary‡ (h/d) | 9.0 (7.6, 9.8) | 9.3 (8.2, 10.0) | 8.8 (6.9, 9.7) |
| Time Spent standing‡ (h/d) | 4.4 (4.0, 5.4) | 4.6 (4.1, 5.4) | 4.4 (3.9, 5.4) |
| Time spent stepping‡ (h/d) | 1.7 (1.4, 2.2) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 2.0 (1.5, 2.4) |
Note: Continuous data shown as median (interquartile range) and categorical data as number (%). BMI = body mass index; HDL = high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR = homeostasis model of insulin resistance.
†Average fasting value across the three experimental conditions.
‡Data missing for five South Asians and one white European. South Asians reported a median of 15.6 hours per day of waking wear time over a median of 7 days, with white Europeans reporting 15.4 hours per day of waking wear over 7 days.