Table 4.

The Association Between Limitations on Performance Tests Categorized Using Four Methods With Combined Any ADL and IADL Disability, Any ADL Disability, and Any IADL Disability^†, n = 30,097

	Outcome: ADL or IADL Limitation		Outcome: ADL Limitation Only		Outcome: IADL Limitation Only
Method of Categorizing Participants as Functionally Limited	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI	Odds Ratio	95% CI
Method 1—at least one test (grip strength, timed up and go, balance, chair rise, grip strength) in lowest performance group‡
≥one test in lowest performance group	2.35*	2.10–2.64	2.24*	1.96–2.56	3.34*	2.82–3.98
Method 2—adjusted for presence or absence of lowest performance group in each individual test
Low gait speed vs normal gait speed	1.62*	1.44–1.84	1.80*	1.57–2.06	1.80*	1.57–2.06
Low TUG vs normal TUG	1.70*	1.50–1.94	1.69*	1.47–1.94	1.69*	1.47–1.94
Low balance vs normal balance	1.87*	1.67–2.09	1.86*	1.64–2.11	1.86*	1.64–2.11
Low chair rise test vs normal chair rise	1.53*	1.37–1.71	1.51*	1.35–1.72	1.51*	1.35–1.72
Low grip strength vs normal grip strength	1.40*	1.26–1.56	1.32*	1.17–1.50	1.32*	1.17–1.50
Method 3—number of tests (grip strength, timed up and go, balance, chair rise, grip strength) with lowest performance group‡
Five	14.91*	11.56–19.26	15.28*	11.86–19.72	23.96*	17.92–32.06
Four	7.15*	5.92–8.63	6.72*	5.50–8.22	10.78*	8.49–13.71
Three	2.85*	2.38–3.42	2.72*	2.21–3.37	4.05*	3.19–5.16
Two	2.06*	1.76–2.42	1.77*	1.48–2.14	2.88*	2.30–3.61
One	1.53*	1.33–1.76	1.46*	1.24–1.72	1.71*	1.39–2.12

Notes: ADL = activities of daily living; CI = confidence interval; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; TUG = timed up and go.

^†Adjusted for age, sex, chronic conditions, cognition, self-rated pain, household income, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, social support availability, and province.

^‡Reference group: no performance tests in lowest performance group (lowest performance quintile or contraindicated).

*Statistically significant (p < .05).