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. 2019 Oct 23;15(13):2783–2797. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.35128

Table 1.

The factors that regulates COX-2 expression in EMS

Classification Regulatory factor Function Reference
Estrogen hastens COX-2 expression by activated by NF-κB Maia et al.2012
Proinflammatory Cytokine IL-1β stimulates the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK and results in high level of COX-2 Tamura et al.2002
Huang et al.1998
NGF increases PTGS2/COX-2 mRNA and protein levels by binding to TrkA Wang et al.2009
Peng et al.2018
Hypoxia mediates DUSP2 down-regulation, activates ERKs and MAPK, and ultimately results in the hypersensitivity of COX-2 Wu et al.2005
Wu et al.2011
Teague et al. 2010
Lin et al.2012
Pan et al.2007
Hsiao et al. 2015
Environmental pollutants PCBs plays a role in the development of endometriosis Porpora et al. 2013
HCB activates of cytosolic AhR complex (AhR-dioxin-c-Src), triggers PTGS2 transcription Smith et.al. 1993
Deger et al.2007
Chiappini et al. 2016
Metabolites and metabolic enzymes omega-3 PUFA inhibits the activation of NF-κB and decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines to reduces COX-2 expression Tomio et al. 2013
Attaman et al.2014
IDO up-regulates COX-2 expression via the activation of JNK signaling pathway Mei et al.2013
Mei et al. 2012
LXA4 inhibits COX-2 expression Kumar et al. 2014
Platelets increases IL-1β level and increases COX-2 expression Ding et al. 2015
Others COUP-TFII binds to PTGS2 promoter to inhibit its transcription and IL-1β-induced COX-2 up-regulation Li et al. 2013
Li et al. 2013