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. 2019 Dec 6;10:2883. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02883

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Copyright © 2019 Egu, Kugelmann and Waschke.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Ultrastructural alterations in desmosomes after PV-IgG injection as revealed by transmission electron microscopy. (A) Electron-micrograph showing reduction in desmosome number and length as well as reduced keratin association with desmosomal plaque after PV-IgG treatment (*shows blister areas). Decrease in desmosome number is significantly rescued only in samples pretreated with UO126. Scale bars for upper and lower panels, 500 and 250 nm, respectively. (B) Desmosome number quantified and expressed as number per μm membrane length, (C) desmosome size expressed as length of desmosomes in μm. (D) Ratio of keratin filaments uncoupled from desmosomes expressed as percentage of altered keratin insertion. n = 3 for each condition. *P < 0. 05 vs. control, ^#P < 0.05 PV-IgG, respectively.