Table 2.
Overview of the 12 principles for access to medicines in national UHC legislation from 16 mostly LMICs
| Income economy | Country | WHO region | Legal family | 1. Right to health | 2. State obligation | 3. Transp- arency | 4. Participation and consultation | 5. Monitoring and evaluation | 6. Account- ability and redress | 7. Selection of essential medicines | 8. Government financing | 9. Pool user contributions | 10. International assistance and cooperation | 11. Efficient and cost-effective spending | 12. Financial protection of vulnerable groups |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | Rwanda | AF | CIV CUS | ||||||||||||
| Tanzania | AF | CIV CUS | |||||||||||||
| Lower middle | Ghana | AF | COM CUS | ||||||||||||
| Nigeria | AF | COM CUS ISL | |||||||||||||
| Tunisia | EM | CIV ISL | |||||||||||||
| Morocco | EM | CIV ISL | |||||||||||||
| Jordan | EM | CIV CUS ISL | |||||||||||||
| Indonesia | SEA | CIV CUS ISL | |||||||||||||
| Philippines | WP | CIV COM | |||||||||||||
| Upper middle | Algeria | AF | CIV ISL | ||||||||||||
| South Africa | AF | CIV COM | |||||||||||||
| Turkey | EU | CIV | |||||||||||||
| Colombia | AM | CIV | |||||||||||||
| Mexico | AM | CIV | |||||||||||||
| High | Uruguay | AM | CIV | ||||||||||||
| Chile | AM | CIV |
Legend: Black, strong text; grey, weak text; white, no text. Abbreviations: AF, Africa; EM, Eastern Mediterranean; SEA, South-East Asia; WP, Western Pacific; EU, Europe; AM, Americas; CIV, civil law; COM, common law; CUS, customary law; ISL; Islamic law.