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. 2019 Dec 6;10:1328. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01328

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Copyright © 2019 Pérez-Escobar, Lucas, Jaramillo, Monro, Morris, Bogarín, Greer, Dodsworth, Aguilar-Cano, Sanchez Meseguer and Antonelli

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Temporal migration dynamics of selected Neotropical plant lineages represented in the Chocó and their diversification patterns. (A) Mean ages and their corresponding 95% High Density Probabilities (HDP) of Most Recent Common Ancestors (MRCA) of plant species/clades distributed in the Chocó. Ages estimates are colour coded by family and were obtained from published phylogenies of Cymbidieae and Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae: Pérez-Escobar et al., 2017a), Amphilophium (Bignoniaceae: Thode et al., 2019), Philodendron (Araceae: Canal et al., 2019), Cremastosperma and Mosannona (Annonaceae: Pirie et al., 2018). Boxplots representing mean values and quartiles were computed whenever four or more observations per plant family were available. [Inset: The proportion of species sampled vs the total known of species diversity in each surveyed phylogeny is provided with a picture of the corresponding plant family (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallis pierryi; Bignoniaceae: Anemopaegma orbiculatum; Araceae: Philodendron sp.; Annonaceae: Cremastosperma sp.)]. The green bar represents the approximate age of the terrestrial ecosystem onset in the Chocó. (B) A schematic phylogeny representing the two most prominent diversification patterns of Chocoan lineages, all of which appear to have occurred during the last ∼8 Ma: 1) migration from adjacent or distant biogeographical areas into the Chocó followed by in-situ diversification (blue arrows); 2) migration into the Chocó without subsequent diversification. Photos: O. Pérez.