Table 1.
Summary of studies included in the smoking and alcohol analyses of the Biliary Tract Cancers Pooling Project
| Study (abbreviation) | Period | No. in baseline sample* | Age at baseline, median (IQR), y | Female sex, † % | Current smokers, ‡ % | Alcoholic drinks per day, § median (IQR) | Gallstones, ‖ % | Cholecystectomy, ¶ % | No. of biliary tract cancer cases |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GBC | IHBDC | EHBDC | AVC | |||||||||
| Agricultural Health Study (AgHealth) (31) | 1993–2013 | 89 009 | 45.0 (37.0–56.0) | 37.7 | 14.5 | 0.1 (0.0–0.6) | — | — | 23 | 19 | 18 | 11 |
| Adventist Health Study-2 (AHS-2) (32) | 2002–2015 | 95 942 | 57.0 (47.0–69.0) | 64.9 | 1.1 | 0.4 (0.1–0.7) | 3.3 | — | 16 | 9 | 11 | 7 |
| Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study (ATBC) (52) | 1985–2010 | 29 127 | 57.0 (53.0–61.0) | 0 | 100 | 1.0 (0.4–2.0) | 5.6 | 4.9 | 17 | 38 | 42 | 16 |
| Breast Cancer Detection Demonstration Project (BCDDP) (33) | 1980–1998 | 47 224 | 61.5 (56.0–67.7) | 100 | 12.5 | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | — | — | 12 | 6 | 7 | 8 |
| Cohort of Swedish Men (COSM) (34) | 1998–2008 | 45 801 | 59.5 (52.5–68.5) | 0 | 25.0 | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | 11.7 | — | 13 | 6 | 15 | 3 |
| Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-II NC) (35) | 1992–2011 | 155 077 | 63.0 (58.0–68.0) | 52.6 | 8.9 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 11.6 | 12.7 | 70 | 54 | 57 | 36 |
| European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) (36) | 1992–2010 | 490 466 | 51.5 (45.1–58.3) | 70.0 | 22.9 | 0.5 (0.1–1.2) | 6.3 | — | 134 | 119 | 111 | 86 |
| Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) (37) | 1986–2012 | 51 375 | 54.0 (45.0–62.0) | 0 | 10.0 | 0.7 (0.3–1.4) | — | 3.2 | 11 | 8 | 23 | 10 |
| Iowa Women’s Health Study (IWHS) (38) | 1986–2013 | 37 977 | 61.0 (58.0–65.0) | 100 | 14.8 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | — | — | 69 | 14 | 30 | 12 |
| Japan Public Health Center-based prospective Study 1 and 2 (JPHC) (39) | 1990–2011 | 99 595 | 52.9 (46.2–58.9) | 52.4 | 28.1 | 1.8 (0.8–3.4) | 2.9 | — | 172 | 120 | 199 | 38 |
| Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS) (40) | 1990–2009 | 39 992 | 55.5 (47.6–62.8) | 58.8 | 11.4 | 0.8 (0.3–1.6) | 9.1 | 7.6 | 35 | 20 | 22 | 6 |
| Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC) (41) | 1993–2010 | 187 414 | 60.0 (52.0–67.0) | 54.5 | 16.5 | 0.5 (0.1–1.6) | 6.7 | 6.4 | 110 | 60 | 117 | 64 |
| Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) (42) | 1980–2010 | 100 667 | 47.0 (41.0–53.0) | 100 | 29.0 | 0.2 (0.1–0.8) | 1.6 | 7.7 | 54 | 17 | 34 | 18 |
| National Institutes of Health-American Association of Retired Persons Diet and Health Study (NIH-AARP) (43) | 1995–2011 | 556 036 | 63.0 (58.0–67.0) | 40.2 | 12.5 | 0.3 (0.1–1.2) | 9.6 | 14.2 | 218 | 134 | 242 | 151 |
| New York University Women’s Health Study (NYUWHS) (44) | 1985–2007 | 13 350 | 51.0 (43.0–58.0) | 100 | 18.1 | 0.6 (0.3–1.2) | 5.0 | — | 7 | 6 | 9 | 0 |
| Physicians’ Health Study (PHS) (53) | 1982–2009 | 28 426 | 54.3 (47.6–61.4) | 0 | 9.3 | 0.4 (0.1–1.0) | 3.7 | — | 7 | 9 | 9 | 7 |
| Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial (PLCO) (56) | 1993–2009 | 116 583 | 65.7 (61.0–70.0) | 50.8 | 9.5 | 0.3 (0.1–1.1) | 11.6 | — | 34 | 13 | 31 | 24 |
| Radiation Effects Research Foundation Life Span Study (RERF) (45) | 1950–2005 | 51 302 | 51.4 (41.5–62.0) | 61.4 | 31.1 | 0.1 (0.0–0.1) | — | — | 148 | — | 120 | 25 |
| Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) (46) | 1993–2008 | 61 320 | 55.0 (49.0–62.0) | 55.5 | 19.7 | 0.5 (0.5–0.5) | — | — | 29 | 26 | 14 | 22 |
| Shanghai Cohort Study (SCS) (47) | 1986–2012 | 18 075 | 56.0 (52.0–60.0) | 0 | 50.5 | 1.5 (0.5–1.5) | — | — | 15 | 13 | 21 | 15 |
| Sister Study (SISTER) (48) | 2003–2012 | 47 798 | 55.4 (48.9–62.0) | 100 | 8.1 | 0.2 (0.0–0.7) | 14.5 | 12.8 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 4 |
| Swedish Mammography Cohort (SMC) (51) | 1998–2008 | 37 151 | 60.5 (54.5–69.5) | 100 | 23.2 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 19.9 | — | 42 | 3 | 6 | 1 |
| VITamins and Lifestyle Study (VITAL) (49) | 2000–2009 | 77 011 | 61.0 (55.0–68.0) | 51.9 | 8.4 | 0.5 (0.1–1.2) | — | — | 16 | 15 | 15 | 5 |
| Women’s Health Initiative (WHI) (54) | 1993–2014 | 161 081 | 63.0 (57.0–69.0) | 100 | 7.0 | 0.3 (0.1–0.8) | 16.3 | 12.9 | 113 | 32 | 50 | 42 |
| Women’s Health Study (WHS) (55) | 1992–2010 | 39 788 | 53.0 (49.0–59.0) | 100 | 13.1 | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | 9.9 | — | 10 | 7 | 1 | 11 |
| Women’s Lifestyle and Health Study (WLHS) (50) | 1991–2011 | 47 392 | 40.0 (35.0–45.0) | 100 | 21.3 | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | — | — | 12 | 6 | 4 | 1 |
| Total | 2 724 982 | 58.0 (51.0–65.0) | 59.5 | 16.9 | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 8.9 | 10.5 | 1391 | 758 | 1208 | 623 | |
No. in baseline sample: Baseline sample size is calculated after excluding individuals who were younger than 18 years, had missing entry or exit age, had prior cancer diagnoses other than nonmelanoma skin cancer at study entry, had biliary tract cancers of undefined and/or unknown site or overlapping lesions, and/or had missing biliary tract cancer status. —indicates the study did not report this variable; AVC = ampulla of Vater cancer; EHBDC = extrahepatic bile duct cancer; GBC = gallbladder cancer; IHBDC = intrahepatic bile duct cancer; IQR = interquartile range.
Variables are missing for 38 participants (0.001%).
Variables are missing for 54 426 participants (2.0%).
Variables are missing for 118 605 participants (4.4%).
Variables are missing for 162 690 participants (7.2%).
Variables are missing for 327 588 participants (24.7%).