Table 1.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Category	Criteria
Inclusion criteria	Peer-reviewed articles that described any national- and/or subnational-level responsible antibiotic use initiatives (i.e. interventions to reduce subtherapeutic consumption or prescription of antibiotics)
Setting	All healthcare settings (primary, secondary, tertiary care) as well as in the community
Outcomes	Any outcomes (externally measured, self-reported or observed changes) relating to antibiotic consumption and/or prescription
Exclusion criteria	Studies that only describe implementation of an intervention with no reported outcomes relating to antibiotic consumption and/or prescription
	Studies that target antimicrobials other than antibiotics
	Studies that only describe interventions not related to antibiotic stewardship/responsible antibiotic use (e.g. infection control, vaccines, surveillance, etc.)
	Studies that only describe interventions for antibiotic use in animals and/or the environment