Table 2.

Coefficients from ordinary least squares regression models estimating child outcomes as a function of mother’s time with children, PSID Child Development Supplement (1997–2007)

	Cognitive Achievement				Behavior Problems Index
	Broad Reading		Applied Problems		Externalizing		Internalizing
Child age in years	6–11	12–17	6–11	12–17	6–11	12–17	6–11	12–17
(1) Type of time
Engaged time	0.024	0.026	−0.040	−0.013	−0.013	−0.017	−0.004	0.004
Accessible time	0.034	0.068*	0.016	0.028	−0.002	−0.021**	−0.004	0.013*
(2) Linear specification of total time	0.034	0.054*	−0.010	0.012	−0.008	−0.020**	−0.005	−0.006
(3) Quadratic specification of total time
Total time	0.051	0.038	0.009	0.010	−0.008	−0.024	−0.006	−0.008
Total time squared	−0.001	0.001	−0.001	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000
(4) Categorical specification of time (reference is 25–50th percentile)
Total time below 25th percentile	−1.204	0.104	0.750	−0.287	0.013	0.802	0.052	0.387
Total time above 75th percentile	0.337	1.158	−0.155	−0.187	−0.348	−0.235	−0.135	0.047
(5) Total time, weekday only	0.008	0.070	−0.006	0.016	−0.009	0.017	−0.003	−0.001
(6) Total time, very typical weekday and weekend days	0.135*	0.025	0.032	−0.007	−0.016	−0.015	0.001	−0.015
N for models 1–5 (person-wave records)	2143	1977	2180	1978	2300	2023	2302	2019
N for model 6 (person-wave records)	487	492	538	538	367	368	375	374

^***p<.001,

^**p<.01,

^*p<.05

Notes: Models are weighted. All models are clustered on the child and include controls for child characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, number of siblings, whether low birthweight), primary caregiver characteristics (age, education, employment status, union status), and diary characteristics (whether diary day typical [only very typical days in model 6], who completed diary). Coefficients in the first panel for mother’s accessible time and total time do not significantly differ from each other. Complete list of model coefficients and standard errors available upon request.