A-C) No differences were found between virgin and late postpartum females in A) open arm entries (p=0.20), B) open arm time (p=0.23), or C) total number of entries in the EPM (p=0.40). D-F) No differences between virgin and late postpartum females in D) social sniff time (p=0.48), E) number of crossings into the social chamber (p=0.49) or F) total number of chamber crossings (p=0.56). G-I) Virgins and late postpartum females exhibit comparable VTA activity. No differences were found in G) population activity (p=0.26), H) firing rate (p=0.23) or I) burst firing (p=0.23). Error bars represent mean ± SEM. Gray bars represent virgins (behavior: n=8, recordings: n=8), pink bars represent late (i.e. 22-24 days) postpartum females (behavior: n=9-12 per group, recordings: n=8 per group).