Table 1. Demographics and associations with condom use at last vaginal intercourse among sexually active HIV-positive women (N = 170).
| Characteristic | Row total | Condom use with last intercourse / (%) | Unadjusted POR (95% CI) | Adjusted PORb (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| < 31 | 45 | 29 (64) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 32–37 | 49 | 36 (73) | 1.53 (0.63–3.68) | 0.98 (0.34, 2.85) |
| 38–42 | 36 | 26 (72) | 1.43 (0.55–3.71) | 0.72 (0.22, 2.32) |
| ≥ 43 | 40 | 34 (85) | 3.13 (1.08–9.03)a | 1.44 (0.40, 5.14) |
| Race | ||||
| African American | 149 | 108 (73) | 1 (Ref) | |
| White/other | 21 | 17 (81) | 1.61 (0.51, 5.08) | |
| Education | ||||
| ≤ HS | 98 | 68 (69) | 1 (Ref) | |
| > HS | 72 | 57 (79) | 1.68 (0.82, 3.42) | |
| Current Employment | ||||
| No | 112 | 77 (69) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 58 | 48 (83) | 2.18 (0.99, 4.81) | |
| Route of HIV acquisition | ||||
| Heterosexual sex | 141 | 104 (74) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Other | 29 | 21 (72) | 0.93 (0.38, 2.29) | |
| STD history | ||||
| No | 75 | 59 (79) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 95 | 66 (69) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.25) | |
| Worry about an STD | ||||
| No | 139 | 108 (78) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 31 | 17 (55) | 0.35 (0.15, 0.79)a | 0.39 (0.15, 1.04) |
| Relationship status | ||||
| Married/Committed | 114 | 80 (70) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Single/dating | 56 | 45 (80) | 1.74 (0.80, 3.76) | |
| Partner has sex w/others | ||||
| No | 116 | 90 (78) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 54 | 35 (65) | 0.53 (0.26, 1.08) | |
| Age of initial intercourse | ||||
| > 16 | 70 | 57 (81) | 1 (Ref) | |
| ≤ 16 | 100 | 68 (68) | 0.48 (0.23, 1.01) | |
| Anal sex w/condom last 6mo | ||||
| Always | 21 | 18 (85) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Not Always | 52 | 33 (63) | 0.29 (0.08, 1.11) | |
| Never had anal sex | 97 | 74 (76) | 0.54 (0.15, 1.99) | |
| No. sexual partners last 6mo | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 123 | 90 (73) | 1 (Ref) | |
| > 1 | 47 | 35 (74) | 1.07 (0.50, 2.30) | |
| Frequency of sex last 6mo | ||||
| < 1/week | 97 | 79 (81) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| ≥ 1/week | 72 | 45 (63) | 0.38 (0.19, 0.76)a | 0.44 (0.20, 0.97)a |
| No. partners known HIV+ | ||||
| None | 112 | 84 (75) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Some/All | 58 | 41 (71) | 0.80 (0.40, 1.63) | |
| Hx sexual or physical abuse | ||||
| No | 76 | 60 (78) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 93 | 65 (66) | 0.62 (0.31, 1.26) | |
| Hx of alcohol use | ||||
| No | 39 | 31 (79) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 130 | 94 (72) | 0.67 (0.28, 1.60) | |
| Hx of illicit drug use | ||||
| No | 88 | 72 (82) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 81 | 53 (65) | 0.42 (0.21, 0.85)a | 0.43 (0.19, 0.98)a |
| Desires future pregnancy | ||||
| No | 115 | 92 (80) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 54 | 33 (61) | 0.39 (0.19, 0.80)a | 0.42 (0.17, 1.01) |
| Currently using birth control | ||||
| No | 109 | 78 (72) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 59 | 46 (78) | 1.41 (0.67, 2.96) | |
| Currently using ART | ||||
| No | 44 | 31 (70) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 119 | 88 (74) | 1.19 (0.55, 2.56) | |
| Most recent viral load | ||||
| Undetectable | 109 | 81 (74) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Detectable/unknown | 61 | 44 (72) | 1.11 (0.55, 2.26) | |
| HIV status disclosed | ||||
| None | 35 | 27 (77) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Some/All | 135 | 98 (73) | 0.78 (0.33, 1.88) | |
| Confidence to discuss condom use w/partner if he does not want to wear one | ||||
| No | 31 | 16 (52) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 130 | 102 (79) | 3.42 (1.51, 7.75)a | 3.88 (1.15, 9.64)a |
| Who makes decisions about condom use | ||||
| She does/Both do | 146 | 110 (75) | 1 (Ref) | |
| He does | 14 | 8 (57) | 0.44 (0.14, 1.34) | |
| Depression | ||||
| No | 62 | 46 (74) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 98 | 72 (73) | 0.96 (0.47, 1.99) |
a Statistically significant variable with p<0.05
b Statistically significant variables (p<0.05) in bivariable analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression models to calculate an adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR)
POR prevalence odds ratio; CI confidence interval; HS high school; ART antiretroviral therapy