Table 2. Demographics and associations with consistent condom use during vaginal intercourse over last 6 months among sexually active HIV-positive women (N = 170).
| Characteristic | Row total | Consistent condom use over last 6 months / (%) | Unadjusted POR (95% CI) | Adjusted POR (95% CI)b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | ||||
| < 31 | 45 | 17 (38) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| 32–37 | 49 | 27 (55) | 2.02 (0.89, 4.60) | 2.73 (0.97, 7.64) |
| 38–42 | 36 | 18 (50) | 1.65 (0.68, 4.01) | 1.86 (0.61, 5.65) |
| ≥ 43 | 40 | 28 (70) | 3.84 (1.55, 9.51)a | 4.67 (1.49, 14.61)a |
| Race | ||||
| African American | 149 | 82 (55) | 1 (Ref) | |
| White/other | 21 | 8 (38) | 0.50 (0.20, 1.29) | |
| Education | ||||
| ≤ HS | 98 | 48 (49) | 1 (Ref) | |
| > HS | 72 | 42 (58) | 1.46 (0.79, 2.70) | |
| Current Employment | ||||
| No | 112 | 57 (51) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 58 | 33 (57) | 1.27 (0.67, 2.41) | |
| Route of HIV acquisition | ||||
| Heterosexual sex | 141 | 74 (52) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Other | 29 | 16 (55) | 1.11 (0.50, 2.49) | |
| STD history | ||||
| No | 75 | 40 (53) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 95 | 50 (52) | 0.97 (0.53, 1.78) | |
| Worry about an STD | ||||
| No | 139 | 77 (55) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 31 | 13 (42) | 0.58 (0.26, 1.28) | |
| Relationship status | ||||
| Married/Committed | 114 | 51 (45) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Single/dating | 56 | 39 (70) | 2.83 (1.44, 5.59)a | 2.39 (1.04, 5.50)a |
| Partner has sex w/others | ||||
| No | 116 | 60 (52) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 54 | 30 (56) | 1.17 (0.61, 2.23) | |
| Age of initial intercourse | ||||
| > 16 | 70 | 40 (57) | 1 (Ref) | |
| ≤ 16 | 100 | 50 (50) | 0.75 (0.41, 1.39) | |
| Anal sex w/condom last 6mo | ||||
| Always | 21 | 15 (71) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Not always | 52 | 19 (37) | 0.23 (0.48, 0.70)a | 0.17 (0.04, 0.64)a |
| Never had anal sex | 97 | 56 (58) | 0.55 (0.20, 1.53) | 0.46 (0.13, 1.58) |
| No. sexual partners last 6mo | ||||
| ≤ 1 | 123 | 67 (54) | 1 (Ref) | |
| > 1 | 47 | 23 (49) | 0.80 (0.41, 1.57) | |
| Frequency of sex last 6mo | ||||
| < 1/week | 97 | 58 (60) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| ≥ 1/week | 72 | 32 (44) | 0.54 (0.29, 0.997)a | 0.95 (0.45, 2.00) |
| No. partners known HIV+ | ||||
| None | 112 | 68 (61) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Some/All | 58 | 22 (38) | 0.40 (0.21, 0.76)a | 0.40 (0.18, 0.89)a |
| Hx sexual or physical abuse | ||||
| No | 76 | 44 (54) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 93 | 46 (52) | 0.71 (0.39, 1.31) | |
| Hx of alcohol use | ||||
| No | 39 | 17 (44) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 130 | 73 (56) | 1.66 (0.81, 3.41) | |
| Hx of illicit drug use | ||||
| No | 88 | 54 (61) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 81 | 36 (44) | 0.50 (0.27, 0.93)a | 0.34 (0.16, 0.72)a |
| Desires future pregnancy | ||||
| No | 115 | 68 (59) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 54 | 22 (41) | 0.48 (0.25, 0.92)a | 0.83 (0.35, 1.96) |
| Currently using birth control | ||||
| No | 109 | 55 (50) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 59 | 35 (59) | 1.43 (0.75, 2.72) | |
| Currently using ART | ||||
| No | 44 | 21 (48) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 119 | 68 (57) | 1.46 (0.73, 2.92) | |
| Most recent viral load | ||||
| Undetectable | 110 | 58 (53) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Detectable/unknown | 61 | 33 (54) | 1.06 (0.56, 1.98) | |
| HIV status disclosed | ||||
| None | 35 | 19 (54) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Some/All | 135 | 71 (53) | 0.93 (0.44, 1.97) | |
| Confidence to discuss condom use w/partner if he does not want to wear one | ||||
| No | 31 | 11 (36) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |
| Yes | 130 | 77 (59) | 2.64 (1.17, 5.97)a | 2.62 (1.06, 6.50)a |
| Who makes decisions about condoms use | ||||
| She does/Both do | 146 | 83 (57) | 1 (Ref) | |
| He does | 14 | 5 (36) | 0.42 (0.13, 1.32) | |
| Depression | ||||
| No | 62 | 33 (53) | 1 (Ref) | |
| Yes | 98 | 55 (56) | 1.12 (0.59, 2.13) |
a Statistically significant variable with p<0.05
b Statistically significant variables (p<0.05) in bivariable analysis were included in multivariable logistic regression models to calculate an adjusted prevalence odds ratio (aPOR)
POR prevalence odds ratio; CI confidence interval; HS high school; ART antiretroviral therapy