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. 2019 Dec 13;9:19035. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-51643-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cell-free ROS generated by JUUL pod flavors. JUUL pods containing Fruit Medley, Virginia Tobacco, Cool Mint, Cool Cucumber, Mango, and Classic Menthol flavors and 3R4F research cigarettes were bubbled through DCFH fluorescent dye. Filtered air was bubbled as a negative control comparison group. Five, ten, and fifteen puffs were generated of these flavors each puff with three-second puff durations. ROS levels are expressed in H₂O₂ µM equivalents. ^ap < 0.001 compared to 5 puff air control, ^bp < 0.001 compared to 10 puff air control, and ^cp < 0.001 compared to 15 puff air control, 3R4F research cigarettes were not analyzed; **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 vs. 5 puffs ^#p < 0.001 vs. 10 puffs. Two wells per group with repeated measurements in pooled samples.