Fig. 3. Mechanistic insight into C–C coupling over Fe-Cu bimetallic catalysts.

a Mechanism of CO₂ hydrogenation to C₂H₄ over a Cu–Fe(100) surface. b Reaction pathways for production of CH₄, C₂H₄, and C₂H₆ from CO₂ hydrogenation on Fe(100) and Cu–Fe(100) surfaces at 4/9 monolayer coverage. The kinetic barrier for each elementary step is given in eV. (Reprinted with permission from Nie et al. ¹⁰⁸. Copyright (2017) American Chemical Society).