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. 2019 Dec 13;9:19028. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54413-6

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Hemolymph ion and pH levels of wild-collected and laboratory A. Aegypti larvae reared in freshwater (FW) and septic water (Septic). Ammonium (NH₄⁺), sodium (Na⁺), potassium (K⁺) and pH (dashed bars) levels in the hemolymph of (A) wild A. aegypti larvae (n = 6–7 per group) and (B) laboratory A. aegypti larvae (n = 15–17 per group) reared in FW or Septic. Data shown as mean ± S.E.M. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.005) compared to FW control (Unpaired, two-tailed t-test; Adjusted p values shown; Holm-Sidak correction for multiple comparisons).