Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2019 Dec 13;9:19028. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-54413-6

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Scanning ion-selective micro-electrode technique (SIET) measurements of NH₄⁺ flux at the anal papillae of wild-collected and laboratory A. aegypti larvae reared in freshwater (FW) and septic water (Septic). (A) NH₄⁺ flux at the anal papillae of wild A. aegypti larvae reared in FW or Septic (n = 4 for FW, n = 6 for Septic), and (B) NH₄⁺ flux at the anal papillae of laboratory A. aegypti larvae reared in FW of Septic (n = 5 for FW and Septic), measured each in their respective freshwater or septic water baths. NH₄⁺ flux for each individual animal is shown as a single point, with the mean flux for each group illustrated by a horizontal solid black line. Negative values indicate efflux, or excretion, and positive values indicate influx, or absorption from the external. Data shown as mean ± S.E.M. Asterisks indicate statistical significance (*p < 0.05) compared to FW control (Unpaired, two-tailed t-test).