Table 2.

Immigrant gastric cancer mortality data

Country	Authors and Year	Group			Type of Ratio	Increase	Magnitude
		Country/ Region	Sex (M,F)	Generation (1st, 2nd)
Australia	McCredie, Williams, & Coates, 1999 78	Eastern Europe	Both	1st	Relative Risk of Death from Cancer	Yes	2.0–3.1
Belgium	Hemelrijck, Valk, & Vandenheede, 2017 79	Turkey	Female	1st	Indirectly Standardized Mortality Rate	Yes	27.6 (18.6–39.4)a
Brazil	Iwasaki et al., 200832	Japan	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	49–88b
	Iwasaki et al., 200433	Japan	Both	1st, 2nd for male only	StandardizedMortality Ratio and Standardized Proportional Mortality Ratio	Yes	91–118b
Canada	Newman & Spengler, 1984 26	Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	161–256c
Germany	Kaucher, Kajüter, Becher, & Winkler, 2018 27	Former Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	1.52–1.62
	Cho, Jaehn, Holleczek, Becher, & Winkler, 2018 28	Former Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	1.91–2.15
	Winkler, Ott, Holleczek, Stegmaier, & Becher, 2009 29	Former Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	1.44–2.81
	Kyobutungi, Ronellenfitsch, Razum, & Becher, 2006 25	Former Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	No	1.44–1.45
Israel	Jördis Jennifer Ott, Paltiel, & Becher, 2009 80	Former Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	1.85–1.86
Netherlands	Siemerink, van der Aa, Siesling, Hospers, & Mulder, 2011 46	Non-western	Both	1st	Relative Excess Risk of Dying	No	0.55 (0.43–0.70)d
	Stirbu et al., 200642	All migrants	Both	1st	Relative Risk of Cancer Mortality	No	1.05–1.35
Sweden	Nilsson et al., 199748	Estonia	Both	1st	Excess Mortality Rate	No	12.3–42.2%e
United States	Singh & Miller, 2004 81	All immigrant s, China, Japan	Both	1st	Average Annual Age Adjusted Death Rates	Yes	1.61–2.19
	Fang, Madhavan, & Alderman, 1996 34	China	Both	1st	Relative Risk of Age Adjusted Annual Death Rate	Yes	1.4–1.5
	Stellman & Wang, 1994 35	China	Both	1st	Standardized Proportional Cancer Mortality Ratio	Yes	.44-.60f
Multiple: Denmark, England & Wales, France, Netherlands, Scotland, Spain	Ikram et al., 2016 36	Eastern Europe, Turkey	Both	1st	Mortality Rate Ratio	Yes	1.88–1.97
Multiple: Belgium, Denmark, France, Netherlands	Spallek et al., 201237	Turkey	Both	1st	Mortality Rate Ratio	Yes	1.35–1.69
Multiple: Israel and Germany	Ronellenfitsch et al., 2009 30	Former Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	1.44–1.83
Multiple: Israel and Germany	Jördis J Ott, Paltiel, Winkler, & Becher, 2008 31	Former Soviet Union	Both	1st	Standardized Mortality Ratio	Yes	1.42–1.83

Notes:

^a• Belgium female ISMR was 8.9 with 95% CI of 8.5–9.4

^b• Japanese mortality rate in Japan used as baseline with reference 100

^c• Canadian mortality ratio of 100 is reference

^d• 1 was reference for both western immigrants and native patients

^e• Reference values were given for dichotomous age groups and two categories of follow up (1, 5 years). The authors noted that these were not statistically significant but did not provide confidence intervals for this estimate

^f• Chinese mortality rate in China used as a baseline with a reference of 1.0

• Statistics listed if they reached statistical and clinical significance as specified by the authors. All statistically significance ratios were greater than the reference low incidence country when considering confidence intervals of at least 95%. Region counted as high risk if at least one of the countries in the region included a high risk country.