Table 1.
Literature review of all previous cases of false elevations of AFP in non-seminomatous GCTs
| Author/Year of publication | Case | Age | Histologic type | Stage | Maximum AFP level (ng/ml) | Etiology | Additional treatment | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germa et al. 1993 [26]a | 1e | 26 | YST | III | 122 | HD (anesthetic drugs) | Second surgery | ANED |
| 2 | 28 | S, EC, YST | III | 16 | HD (HCV, alcohol) | – | ANED | |
| 3 | 29 | EC, T | II | 91 | HD (chemotherapeutic drugs) | – | ANED | |
| 4 | 17 | EC, T, YST | IV | 42 | HD (chemotherapeutic drugs) | – | ANED | |
| 5 | 30 | EC | II | 18 | HD (antiepileptic drugs) | – | ANED | |
| 6 | 27 | S, EC, YST | II | 155 | HD (HBV) | – | ANED | |
| 7 | 23 | S, EC, T | II | 13 | HD (alcohol) | Chemo | ANED | |
| 8 | 21 | S, IT | IV | 120 | HD (alcohol) | – | ANED | |
| Morris et al. 2000 [35]b | 9 | 33 | EC | I | 40 | NA | – | ANED |
| 10 | 24 | EC, T | II | 55 | NA | – | ANED | |
| 11 | 22 | S, CC | I | 107 | HD (early cirrhosis) | – | NA | |
|
Funahashi et al. 2005 [31]c Wymer et al. 2017 [18]d |
12 | 30 | S, T, IT | I | 20 | NA | – | ANED |
| 13 | 30 | T | I | 18 | NA | – | ANED | |
| 14 | 35 | EC, YST, T | I | 11 | NA | – | ANED | |
| 15 | 28 | EC, YST, T | II | 13 | NA | – | ANED | |
| 16 | 18 | EC, YST, T | I | 11 | NA | Chemo | ANED | |
| 17 | 32 | T, EC, CC | I | 15.8 | NA | Chemo | ANED | |
| 18 | 21 | EC | I | 9.4 | NA | PRLND | ANED |
ANED Alive with no evidence of disease, CC Choriocarcinoma, Chemo Chemotherapy, EC Embryonal carcinoma, HD Hepatic dysfunction, IT Immature teratoma, NA Not available, PRLND Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy, S Seminoma, T Teratoma, YST Yolk sac tumor.
a, b, c One case in each article is seminoma, respectively
d Four cases in the article is seminoma
e All the patients are male, except this patient is female