Table 2.
Rate of drug related hospital admission and death and types of DRPs causing hospitalization
| Sr. no. | Author, year of publication | Admission to Hospital (reason) | Death due to DRPs | Types of DRPs that causes admission |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Alghamdy M. et al, 2015 [20] | 253 (4.5%) (due to DRP) |
10 (4%) | Noncompliance 112 (44.3%) Toxicity and SEs 50 (19.8%) Drug-drug interactions 29 (11.5%) Accidental and suicidal drug ingestions 26 (10.3%) Drug abuse 18 (7.1%) Drug allergy 10 (4%) Super-infections 8 (3.2%) |
| 2 | Chan A. et al, 2014 [21] | 158 (12.4 %) (due to DRP) |
5 (3%) | Adverse reaction 155 (94.5%) Drug interactions 3 (1.8%) Dosing problem 3 (1.8%) Drug use problem 3 (1.8%) |
| 3 | Schmiedl, S et al, 2014 [22] | 6887(3.2%) (due to ADR) |
1.32% | NR |
| 4 | Benard-laribiere A. et al, 2015 [23] | 97(3.6%) (due to ADR) |
1% | Type A reactions 67 (69.1%) Vascular disorders 20 (20.6%) CNS disorders 11 (11.3%) Gastrointestinal disorders 9 (9.3%) General disorders 9 (9.3%). |
| 5 | ReppK. et al, 2012 [5] | 40% (19/48) (due to DRP) |
0% | Adverse drug reactions 6 (32%) Supra-therapeutic doses 6 (32%) Sub-therapeutic doses 3 (16%) Untreated indication 1 (5%) Non-adherence 2 (11%) Drug interactions 1 (5%) |
| 6 | Al-Arifi M. et al, 2014 [4] | 56 (18.7%) (due to DRPs) |
NR | Adverse drug reactions (30.4%) non-compliance (30.4%) Untreated indication (10.7%) Drug interactions (7.1%) Supra-therapeutic (7.1%) Sub-therapeutic dose (7.1%) Improper drug selection (5.4%) drug use without indication (1.8%) |
| 7 | Nickel C. et al, 2013 [26] | 77 (12.2%) (due to DRPs) |
NR | Adverse drug reactions 42 (56%) Drug choice problem 9 (12%) Dosing problems 16 (21%) Drug use problems 2 (3%) Drug interactions 3 (4%) |
| 8 | Gustafsson M. et al, 2016 [16] | 189 (41.3 %) (due to DRPs) | NR | Dosage too high (12.7 %) Noncompliance (10.6 %) Ineffective drug 10.6 % interactions 6.9 % Needs additional drug (6.3%) Dosage too low (4.8 %) Unnecessary drug therapy (2.6 %) |
| 9 | Jatau A. et al, 2015 [18] | 133 (30.6 %) (due to ADE) |
NR | Therapeutic failure74 (55.6 %) ADR 43 (32.3 %) Accidental overdose 7 (5.2 %) Intentional overdose 6 (4.5 %) Untreated indication 3 (3.2 %) |
| 10 | Ruiter Ret al, 2012 [10] | 26852 (1.3%) (Due to ADR) | ADR | |
| 11 | Pedrós C.et al, 2016 [24] | 1976 (3.3%) (Due to ADR) | 113 (5.7 %) | Acute renal failure (22.9 %) Upper GI bleeding (16.6%) Lower GI bleeding (11.2 %) Intracranial bleeding (9.3%) Digitalis intoxication (3.7 %) |
| 12 | Ahern F, et al, 2013 [32] | 75 (8.8%) (due to ADR) | NR | NR |
| 13 | Pedrós C. et al, 2014 [25] | 4.2 % (due to ADR) | 3.2 % | Type A reactions 171 (91.9 %) Type B 15 (8.1 %) Renal & urinary disorder 59 (29.4 %) Gastrointestinal disorders 53 (26.4 %) Nervous system disorders 21 (10.4 %) |
| 14 | Karuppannan M. et al, 2013 [27] | 443 (39%) (ADR) |
NR | Treatment Failure 351 (79%) ADR 94 (21%) Drug overdose 21 (5%) Medication error 15 (3%) |
| 15 | Skoldunger A. et al, 2015 [34] | 536 (13%) | NR | NR |
| 16 | Marcum Z. et al, 2012 [33] | 68 (10%) (due to ADR) |
NR | Bradycardia (n = 6) hypoglycemia (n = 6) falls (n = 6) mental status changes (n = 6) |