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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Dec 15.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2018 Jun 27;52:86–91. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2018.06.006

Figure 2:

Figure 2:

Examples of differentiating 3D mESC colonies. (a) Differentiation by removal of pluripotency factors and combination of mESCs and mTSCs leads to cell co-cultures. They combine to structures with a single lumen that express gastrulation markers on one side, replicating mouse gastrulation. (b) A pulse of the Wnt agonist CHIR causes collections of pluripotent stem cells to differentiate asymmetrically, with one part expressing the primitive streak marker Brachyury (T). (c) Neural induction generates neuroepithelial cysts with a central lumen, subsequent stimulation with retinoic acid leads to dorsal-ventral patterning mimicking patterning of the neural tube.