Table 3.
Independent Explanatory Variables for OSAS Severity Indices.
| apnea/hypopnea | hypoxia | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| apnea index | hypopnea index | apnea-hypopnea index | arousal index | 3% oxygen desaturation index | % SpO2<90% | |||||||||||||||||||
| (events/hour) | (events/hour) | (events/hour) | (events/hour) | (events/hour) | (% of total sleep time) | |||||||||||||||||||
| β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | β | t | p | |||||||
| Model 1 | burst rate (bursts/minute) | 0.311 | 2.484 | 0.016 | 0.170 | 1.290 | 0.202 | 0.431 | 3.629 | 0.001 | -0.184 | -1.376 | 0.175 | 0.472 | 3.923 | <0.001 | 0.401 | 3.386 | 0.001 | |||||
| burst incidence (bursts/100 heartbeats) | 0.338 | 2.607 | 0.012 | 0.059 | 0.425 | 0.673 | 0.403 | 3.188 | 0.002 | -0.197 | -1.416 | 0.163 | 0.470 | 3.718 | <0.001 | 0.372 | 2.960 | 0.005 | ||||||
| fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 0.055 | 0.415 | 0.680 | 0.479 | 3.925 | <0.001 | 0.337 | 2.734 | 0.008 | -0.132 | -0.998 | 0.322 | 0.223 | 1.697 | 0.095 | 0.207 | 1.607 | 0.113 | ||||||
| HbA1c (%) | 0.205 | 1.748 | 0.085 | 0.024 | 0.196 | 0.845 | 0.239 | 2.101 | 0.039 | -0.037 | -0.302 | 0.763 | 0.063 | 0.518 | 0.606 | 0.112 | 0.947 | 0.347 | ||||||
| HOMA-beta | 0.103 | 0.736 | 0.465 | 0.000 | 0.001 | 0.999 | 0.117 | 0.875 | 0.385 | -0.011 | -0.080 | 0.936 | 0.201 | 1.477 | 0.146 | 0.441 | 3.584 | 0.001 | ||||||
| insulinogenic index | 0.061 | 0.446 | 0.657 | 0.187 | 1.373 | 0.176 | 0.161 | 1.250 | 0.217 | -0.003 | -0.023 | 0.982 | 0.136 | 1.015 | 0.315 | 0.302 | 2.380 | 0.021 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR | 0.098 | 0.715 | 0.478 | 0.190 | 1.374 | 0.175 | 0.205 | 1.585 | 0.119 | -0.116 | -0.829 | 0.411 | 0.199 | 1.486 | 0.143 | 0.393 | 3.170 | 0.003 | ||||||
| QUICKI | -0.041 | -0.301 | 0.765 | -0.095 | -0.682 | 0.498 | -0.094 | -0.715 | 0.478 | 0.009 | 0.061 | 0.951 | -0.084 | -0.615 | 0.541 | -0.263 | -2.024 | 0.048 | ||||||
| Matsuda index | 0.255 | 1.865 | 0.068 | -0.310 | -2.245 | 0.029 | 0.139 | 1.032 | 0.307 | 0.166 | 1.175 | 0.245 | 0.209 | 1.516 | 0.136 | 0.019 | 0.138 | 0.890 | ||||||
| hepatic insulin resistance index | 0.118 | 0.881 | 0.382 | 0.131 | 0.957 | 0.343 | 0.199 | 1.568 | 0.123 | 0.025 | 0.184 | 0.854 | 0.166 | 1.254 | 0.216 | 0.368 | 2.996 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Model 2 | burst rate (bursts/minute) | 0.157 | 1.146 | 0.258 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.994 | 0.185 | 1.435 | 0.158 | -0.059 | -0.371 | 0.712 | 0.261 | 1.922 | 0.061 | 0.138 | 1.343 | 0.186 | |||||
| burst incidence (bursts/100 heartbeats) | 0.210 | 1.492 | 0.143 | -0.075 | -0.487 | 0.629 | 0.213 | 1.603 | 0.116 | -0.021 | -0.126 | 0.900 | 0.315 | 2.283 | 0.027 | 0.167 | 1.578 | 0.122 | ||||||
| fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 0.103 | 0.711 | 0.480 | 0.069 | 0.451 | 0.654 | 0.149 | 1.175 | 0.246 | -0.160 | -1.024 | 0.311 | 0.050 | 0.366 | 0.716 | 0.106 | 0.840 | 0.405 | ||||||
| HbA1c (%) | 0.231 | 1.835 | 0.072 | -0.067 | -0.493 | 0.624 | 0.232 | 2.007 | <0.050 | -0.022 | -0.151 | 0.881 | 0.050 | 0.400 | 0.691 | 0.024 | 0.228 | 0.821 | ||||||
| HOMA-beta | -0.010 | -0.053 | 0.958 | -0.128 | -0.688 | 0.495 | -0.073 | -0.454 | 0.652 | 0.193 | 0.999 | 0.323 | 0.065 | 0.378 | 0.707 | 0.373 | 2.568 | 0.014 | ||||||
| insulinogenic index | -0.005 | -0.035 | 0.972 | 0.185 | 1.180 | 0.245 | 0.084 | 0.617 | 0.541 | 0.179 | 1.101 | 0.277 | 0.067 | 0.459 | 0.648 | 0.226 | 1.759 | 0.086 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR | 0.059 | 0.333 | 0.741 | 0.063 | 0.342 | 0.734 | 0.095 | 0.602 | 0.550 | -0.047 | -0.245 | 0.807 | 0.144 | 0.856 | 0.397 | 0.405 | 2.876 | 0.006 | ||||||
| QUICKI | -0.053 | -0.352 | 0.727 | -0.012 | -0.076 | 0.939 | -0.064 | -0.473 | 0.639 | -0.104 | -0.636 | 0.528 | -0.073 | -0.507 | 0.615 | -0.226 | -1.791 | 0.081 | ||||||
| Matsuda index | -0.045 | -0.294 | 0.771 | 0.010 | 0.065 | 0.948 | -0.044 | -0.321 | 0.750 | -0.085 | -0.517 | 0.608 | -0.055 | -0.377 | 0.708 | -0.201 | -1.556 | 0.127 | ||||||
| hepatic insulin resistance index | 0.076 | 0.490 | 0.627 | 0.010 | 0.065 | 0.948 | 0.097 | 0.696 | 0.490 | 0.173 | 1.039 | 0.305 | 0.095 | 0.639 | 0.527 | 0.304 | 2.386 | 0.022 | ||||||
| Model 3 | burst rate (bursts/minute) | 0.302 | 2.431 | 0.019 | 0.189 | 1.409 | 0.165 | 0.425 | 3.679 | <0.001 | -0.181 | -1.314 | 0.195 | 0.475 | 3.855 | <0.001 | 0.402 | 3.333 | 0.002 | |||||
| burst incidence (bursts/100 heartbeats) | 0.320 | 2.470 | 0.017 | 0.086 | 0.599 | 0.552 | 0.391 | 3.139 | 0.003 | -0.196 | -1.365 | 0.178 | 0.461 | 3.512 | <0.001 | 0.354 | 2.716 | 0.009 | ||||||
| HOMA-beta | 0.089 | 0.646 | 0.521 | -0.004 | -0.026 | 0.980 | 0.100 | 0.765 | 0.448 | -0.006 | -0.039 | 0.969 | 0.190 | 1.400 | 0.168 | 0.437 | 3.514 | <0.001 | ||||||
| insulinogenic index | 0.092 | 0.675 | 0.502 | 0.201 | 1.451 | 0.153 | 0.204 | 1.616 | 0.112 | -0.014 | -0.099 | 0.922 | 0.168 | 1.252 | 0.216 | 0.326 | 2.549 | 0.014 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR | 0.044 | 0.305 | 0.761 | 0.192 | 1.306 | 0.197 | 0.144 | 1.072 | 0.289 | -0.105 | -0.705 | 0.484 | 0.167 | 1.178 | 0.244 | 0.401 | 3.054 | 0.004 | ||||||
| QUICKI | -0.001 | -0.006 | 0.995 | -0.088 | -0.610 | 0.545 | -0.044 | -0.335 | 0.739 | -0.006 | -0.043 | 0.966 | -0.053 | -0.380 | 0.706 | -0.254 | -1.896 | 0.064 | ||||||
| Matsuda index | 0.254 | 1.874 | 0.067 | -0.310 | -2.231 | 0.030 | 0.137 | 1.046 | 0.301 | 0.166 | 1.170 | 0.248 | 0.207 | 1.518 | 0.135 | 0.019 | 0.133 | 0.895 | ||||||
| hepatic insulin resistance index | 0.124 | 0.936 | 0.354 | 0.133 | 0.964 | 0.340 | 0.207 | 1.677 | 0.100 | 0.023 | 0.167 | 0.868 | 0.172 | 1.307 | 0.197 | 0.371 | 3.022 | 0.004 | ||||||
| Model 4 | fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 0.037 | 0.257 | 0.799 | 0.597 | 4.386 | <0.001 | 0.388 | 3.015 | 0.004 | -0.165 | -1.017 | 0.315 | 0.256 | 1.833 | 0.074 | 0.149 | 1.115 | 0.271 | |||||
| HbA1c (%) | 0.280 | 2.194 | 0.033 | 0.051 | 0.363 | 0.718 | 0.330 | 2.688 | 0.010 | -0.078 | -0.547 | 0.587 | 0.129 | 0.994 | 0.325 | 0.171 | 1.332 | 0.189 | ||||||
| HOMA-beta | 0.128 | 0.805 | 0.426 | -0.008 | -0.045 | 0.965 | 0.141 | 0.877 | 0.386 | -0.065 | -0.361 | 0.720 | 0.226 | 1.410 | 0.167 | 0.492 | 3.753 | <0.001 | ||||||
| insulinogenic index | 0.026 | 0.175 | 0.862 | 0.169 | 1.054 | 0.299 | 0.114 | 0.774 | 0.444 | 0.081 | 0.495 | 0.623 | 0.129 | 0.867 | 0.392 | 0.295 | 2.223 | 0.033 | ||||||
| HOMA-IR | 0.191 | 1.229 | 0.227 | 0.140 | 0.807 | 0.425 | 0.286 | 1.871 | 0.069 | -0.201 | -1.143 | 0.261 | 0.246 | 1.561 | 0.127 | 0.474 | 3.630 | 0.001 | ||||||
| QUICKI | -0.217 | -1.527 | 0.135 | -0.025 | -0.152 | 0.880 | -0.257 | -1.816 | 0.077 | 0.038 | 0.230 | 0.820 | -0.211 | -1.437 | 0.159 | -0.286 | -2.161 | 0.037 | ||||||
| Matsuda index | -0.211 | -1.474 | 0.149 | -0.058 | -0.358 | 0.723 | -0.267 | -1.886 | 0.067 | 0.013 | 0.081 | 0.936 | -0.247 | -1.714 | 0.095 | -0.305 | -2.312 | 0.027 | ||||||
| hepatic insulin resistance index | 0.052 | 0.343 | 0.733 | 0.140 | 0.844 | 0.404 | 0.129 | 0.853 | 0.399 | 0.047 | 0.278 | 0.782 | 0.109 | 0.707 | 0.484 | 0.351 | 2.633 | 0.012 | ||||||
Model 1, adjusted for age and gender; Model 2, adjusted for age, gender, and BMI; Model 3, adjusted for age, gender, and HbA1c; Model 4, adjusted for age, gender, and burst incidence.
OSAS: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, HOMA-beta: homeostatic model assessment beta cell function, HOMA-IR: homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index