Fig 5.

Craven’s original chiropractic theory (left, c1920) was based on late 19th century cutting-edge science; this is from the same science that produced the author’s grandfather’s early party line wall telephone (right, c1920). We should develop a more modern approach using today’s thinking that will replace the late 19th century-based traditional chiropractic philosophy with a questioning philosophy and 21st century science.