Table 3.
Univariate and multivariate risk of morphometric vertebral deformities in post-menopausal women.
| Characteristics | Total n = 916 (%) |
Fracture n = 161 (%) |
No Fracture n = 755 (%) |
Univariate OR (95% CI) | Multivariate OR (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years (categorized) | |||||
| ≤65 | 508 (55.5) | 59 (36.6) | 449 (59.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| >65 | 408 (44.5) | 102 (63.4) | 306 (40.5) | 2.53 (1.78–3.60) | 2.16 (1.42–3.26) |
| Dietary daily calcium intake | |||||
| ≥RDA | 684 (74.6) | 130 (80.7) | 554 (73.4) | 1.52 (0.99–2.32) | – |
| <RDA | 232 (25.4) | 31 (19.3) | 201 (26.6) | 1.00 | |
| Physical activity | |||||
| No | 317 (34.8) | 69 (43.1) | 248 (33.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 593 (65.2) | 91 (56.9) | 502 (66.9) | 0.65 (0.46–0.92) | 0.70 (0.47–1.05) |
| Smoking habits | |||||
| Current or former smoker | 179 (19.7) | 28 (17.5) | 151 (20.2) | 0.84 (0.53–1.31) | – |
| Never smoker | 730 (80.3) | 132 (82.5) | 598 (79.8) | 1.00 | |
| Back pain | |||||
| No | 402 (44.8) | 55 (34.8) | 347 (46.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 496 (55.2) | 103 (65.2) | 393 (53.1) | 1.65 (1.16–2.36) | 1.54 (1.02–2.30) |
| Bisphosphonate therapy | |||||
| No | 742 (83.7) | 120 (77.4) | 622 (85.1) | 1.00 | – |
| Yes | 144 (16.3) | 35 (22.6) | 109 (14.9) | 1.66 (1.08–2.55) | |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | |||||
| BMI < 25 | 428 (47.0) | 56 (36.2) | 372 (49.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| BMI 25–29 | 330 (36.3) | 71 (44.7) | 259 (34.5) | 1.82 (1.23–2.67) | 1.44 (0.92–2.27) |
| BMI ≥ 30 | 152 (16.7) | 32 (20.1) | 120 (16.0) | 1.77 (1.09–2.86) | 1.31 (0.73–2.33) |
| CTX | |||||
| CTX < 0.6 | 363 (63.4) | 61 (59.2) | 302 (64.3) | 1.00 | – |
| CTX ≥ 0.6 | 210 (36.6) | 42 (40.8) | 168 (35.7) | 1.23 (0.80–1.91) | |
| Bone mineral density (BMD) | |||||
| T score > −1.0 | 152 (17.7) | 20 (13.1) | 132 (18.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T score > −2.5 and ≤ −1.0 | 410 (47.8) | 62 (40.5) | 348 (49.4) | 1.17 (0.68–2.02) | 1.10 (0.61–1.78) |
| T score ≤ −2.5 | 295 (34.4) | 71 (46.4) | 224 (31.8) | 2.09 (1.21–3.59) | 1.97 (1.07–3.60) |
| Endocrine therapy | |||||
| AI or TAM+AI | 780 (85.2) | 153 (95.0) | 627 (83.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| TAM + other | 136 (14.8) | 8 (5.0) | 128 (17.0) | 0.25 (0.12–0.53) | 0.37 (0.15–0.89) |
| Vitamin D level (ng/mL) | - | ||||
| >10 | 695 (80.1) | 115 (73.7) | 580 (81.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| ≤10 | 173 (19.9) | 41 (26.3) | 132 (18.5) | 1.57 (1.05–2.34) | 1.41 (0.90–2.22) |
| PTH | |||||
| Normal | 669 (85.1) | 119 (87.5) | 550 (84.6) | 1.00 | – |
| Abnormal | 117 (14.9) | 17 (12.5) | 100 (15.4) | 0.79 (0.45–1.36) | |
| pT | |||||
| T0–T1 | 634 (75.5) | 102 (68.0) | 532 (77.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| T2–T3 | 206 (24.5) | 48 (32.0) | 158 (22.9) | 1.58 (1.07–2.33) | 1.26 (0.81–1.96) |
| pN | |||||
| N0 | 535 (69.0) | 94 (68.1) | 441 (69.2) | 1.00 | – |
| N1 | 240 (31.0) | 44 (31.9) | 196 (30.8) | 1.05 (0.71–1.56) |
RDA: Recommended Daily Allowance; OR: Odds ratio; CTX: Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen; AI: Aromatase inhibitor; TAM: Tamoxifen; LHRH: Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone; pT: Primary tumor; pN: Regional lymph nodes; PTH: Parathyroid hormone.