Table 2.
Articles used to estimate the effect size of a single concentrate product on a specific clinical surrogate.
| Surrogate | Link to Main Outcome | References |
|---|---|---|
| TC | 1 mmol/L lower TC is associated with lower CHD mortality equal to: | Prospective Studies Collaboration 2007 [34] |
| - hazard ratio 0.44 (0.42–0.48) in both sexes at ages 40–49 | ||
| - hazard ratio 0.66 (0.65–0.68) in both sexes at ages 50–69 | ||
| - hazard ratio 0.83 (0.81–0.85) in both sexes at ages 70–89 | ||
| LDL | For a 10 mg/dL (0.26 mmol/L) reduction: | Briel et al. 2009 [35] |
| - relative risk reduction is 7.1% (4.5% to 9.8%) for CHD events | ||
| HCY | For each 5 μmol/L increment: | Peng et al. 2015 [36] |
| - pooled risk ratio is 1.52 (1.26–1.84) for CHD deaths | ||
| SBP | Every 10 mmHg reduction: | Ettehad et al. 2016 [37] |
| - reduced the CHD events (relative risk (0.83, 0.78–0.88) | ||
| - reduced the STR events (relative risk (0.73, 0.68–0.77) | ||
| - reduced the HF (relative risk (0.72, 0.67–0.78) | ||
| BMI | The relative risk for a 5 unit increment is: | Aune et al. 2016 [38] |
| - 1.41 (1.34–1.47) for HF incidence | ||
| TNF-α | The increase of 0.668 pg/mL in TNF-α is equal to an increase of STR risk with an odds ratio of 1.813 (1.194–2.748) | Dong et al. 2015 [39] |
| 1-SD increment of TNF-α is associated with increased risk of CHD: | ||
| - hazard ratio 1.09 (0.92–1.30) | Kaptoge et al. 2014 [40] |