Table 2.
Results of 13 COPD patients with hyperinflation and exertional oxygen desaturation completing four sets of treadmill tests with different settings of the ventilator.
| Exercise Bout One | Exercise Bout Two | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 Sham | 2 Oxygen | 3 NIV and Oxygen | 4 Intermittent | 1 Sham | 2 Oxygen | 3 NIV and Oxygen | 4 Intermittent | |
| Total distance walked, m | 120 (50) | 225 (107) * | 283 (128) ˟ ± | 123 (38) • ÷ | 107 (69) | 188 (109) * | 261 (136) ˟ ± | 119 (45) • ÷ |
| Endurance time, seconds | 91 (36) | 171 (88) * | 216 (105) ˟ ± | 91 (27) • ÷ | 80 (47) | 145 (92) * | 198 (103) ˟ ± | 89 (34) • ÷ |
| Recovery time, seconds | 170 (49) | 150 (48) | 117 (51) ˟ | 119 (37) º • | ||||
| Pre-test HR, bpm | 84 (12.2) | 84 (14.4) | 83 (14.8) | 84 (13.2) | 91 (15.4) | 91 (14.3) | 92 (16.1) | 89 (13.0) |
| Post- test HR, bpm | 100 (19.9) | 105 (16.7) | 105 (19) | 104 (15.5) | 106 (13.8) | 107 (17.6) | 110 (17.5) | 102 (13.6) |
| Recovery HR, bpm | 91 (15.4) | 91 (14.3) | 92 (16.1) | 89 (13.0) | 92 (10.6) | 92 (16.0) | 94 (16.9) | 93 (15.1) |
| Pre-test BF, bpm | 21 (5.0) | 21 (6.5) | 18 (4.1) | 20 (4.7) ÷ | 21 (8.0) | 24 (5.6) | 24 (4.3) | 23 (4.5) |
| Post-test BF, bpm | 31 (10) | 28 (7.8) | 27 (6.7) | 32 (5.4) ÷ | 30 (7.7) | 29 (8.1) | 28 (5.8) | 32 (8.7) |
| Recovery BF, bpm | 21 (8.0) | 24 (5.6) | 24 (4.3) | 23 (4.5) | 22 (5.2) | 23 (5.7) | 22 (5.5) | 24 (4.5) |
| Pre-test SpO2, % | 94 (3.0) | 96 (2.5) | 98 (2.6) | 95 (2.1) | 93 (4.4) | 98 (2.7) * | 99 (1.0) ˟ | 99 (1.0) º |
| Post-test SPO2, % | 84 (6.6) | 96 (5.2) * | 98 (1.2) ˟ | 85 (4.6) • | 84 (7.0) | 97 (3.2) * | 99 (1.5) º | 85 (4.6) • ÷ |
| Recovery SpO2, % | 93 (4.4) | 98 (2.7) * | 99 (1.0) ˟ | 99 (1.0) º | 90 (5.0) | 98 (2.6) * | 99 (0.8) ˟ | 90 (5.9) • ÷ |
| Pre-test tcPaCO2, kPa (n = 1) | 5.3 (0.7) | 5.4 (0.7) | 5.1 (0.9) | 5.2 (0.7) | 6.1 (0.9) | 6.7 (0.9) * | 6.3 (1.2) | 5.9 (0.7) • |
| Post-test tcPaCO2, kPa (n = 11) | 5.6 (0.8) | 6.3 (1.1) * | 5.9 (1.1) | 5.5 (0.7) • | 6.1 (0.9) | 6.6 (1.4) | 6.5 (1.3) | 6.0 (0.9) |
| Δ tcPaCO2, kPa (n = 11) | 0.3 (0.2) | 1.0 (0.9) * | 0.9 (0.6) ˟ | 0.3 (0.3) ÷ | 6.4 (0.9) | 7.1 (1.2) * | 6.6 (1.2) | 6.4 (0.9) • |
| Recovery tcPaCO2, kPa (n = 11) | 6.1 (0.9) | 6.7 (0.9) * | 6.3 (1.2) | 5.9 (0.7) • | 0.02 (0.1) | -0.06 (0.8) | 0.1 (0.3) | 0.1 (0.2) |
| Pre-test tidal volume, mL (Median (IQR)) | 808 (354) (696 (398)) | 822 (383) (699 (479)) | 954 (214) (919 (242)) | 800 (298) (709 (255)) | 1059 (276) (1031 (405)) | 921 (290) * (849 (463)) | 1130 (284) ± (1075 (424)) | 1020 (245) (954 (252)) |
| Post-test tidal volume, mL (Median (IQR)) | 1075 (296) (1034 (336)) | 1145(338) (1051 (519)) | 1166 (257) (1263 (441)) | 1119 (249) (1066 (407)) | 1128 (291) (1018 (381)) | 1122 (304) (1083 (440)) | 1141 (410) (1161 (463)) | 1039 (289) (977 (412)) |
| Δ tidal volume, mL (Median (IQR)) | 267 (241) (360 (448)) | 323 (336) (306 (530)) | 212 (256) (166 (321)) | 318 (228) (313 (260)) | 68 (170) (117 (257)) | 201 (234) (166 (302)) | 11 (287) (29 (207)) | 19 (165) (−18 (229)) |
| Recovery tidal volume, mL (Median (IQR)) | 1059 (276) (1031 (405)) | 921 (290) * (849 (463)) | 1130 (284) ± (1075 (424)) | 1020 (245) (954 (252)) | 1208 (421) (1143 (588)) | 1124 (437) (981 (862)) | 1285 (348) (1223 (357)) | 1202 (334) (1169 (515)) |
| Pre-test ventilation, L/min | 15.9 (3.2) | 15.4 (3.1) | 16.8 (4.0) | 15.3 (2.6) | 22.0 (8.7) | 20.7 (4.7) | 26.5 (5.7) ± | 22.6 (5.5) ÷ |
| Post-test ventilation, L/min | 31.1 (9.8) | 30.6 (8.4) | 30.9 (9.3) | 35.9 (10.3) | 32.1 (8.0) | 30.9 (8.2) | 32.3 (12.2) | 31.7 (8.2) |
| Pre-test Borg-D, points (Median (IQR)) | 0.7 (1.0) (0.5 (1.5)) | 0.8 (0.9) (0.5 (2.0)) | 0.5 (0.6) (0.5 (1.0)) | 0.8 (1.2) (0.0 (1.5)) | 1.8 (0.6) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.9 (0.4) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.8 (0.4) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.7 (0.7) (2.0 (0.0)) |
| Post-test Borg-D, points (Median (IQR)) | 4.1 (2.1) (5.0 (2.0)) | 5.2 (2.1) (4.0 (3.0)) | 4.3 (1.4) ± (4.0 (1.0)) | 5.2 (1.4) (5.0 (3.0)) | 4.9 (2.4) (4.0 (3.0)) | 4.8 (2.2) (4.0 (3.5)) | 4.7 (1.8) (4.0 (2.5)) | 5.1 (1.7) (5.0 (2.0)) |
| Recovery Borg-D, points (Median (IQR)) | 1.8 (0.6) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.9 (0.4) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.8 (0.4) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.7 (0.7) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.9 (0.6) (3.0 (0.5)) | 1.8 (0.5) (2.0 (0.0)) | 1.8 (0.6) (2.0 (0.5)) | 2.0 (0.4) (2.0 (0.5)) |
| Pre-test Borg-F, points (Median (IQR)) | 1.0 (1.1) (0.5 (2.0)) | 1.0 (1.1) (0.25 (2.0)) | 0.6 (0.6) (0.75 (1.0)) | 0.6 (0.8) (0.25 (1.0)) | 1.7 (0.9) (2.0 (1.0)) | 1.8 (1.0) (2.0 (2.0)) | 1.7 (1.2) (1.0 (2.0)) | 0.6 (0.8) º • ÷ (0.0 (1.0)) |
| Post-test Borg-F, points (Median (IQR)) | 2.8 (1.9) (2.0 (2.5)) | 3.3 (1.6) (3.0 (1.0)) | 3.1 (1.5) (3.0 (2.0)) | 2.6 (2.0) (3.0 (2.8)) | 2.4 (1.4) (2.0 (2.5)) | 2.8 (1.3) (3.0 (1.0)) | 3.2 (1.9) (3.0 (2.5)) | 2.3 (1.6) (2.0 (2.3)) |
| Recovery Borg-F, points (Median (IQR)) | 1.7 (0.9) (2.0 (1.0)) | 1.8 (1.0)(2.0 (2.0)) | 1.7 (1.2) (1.0 (2.0)) | 0.6 (0.8) º • ÷ (0.0 (1.0)) | 1.9 (0.8) (2.0 (1.0)) | 1.7 (1.1) (2.0 (2.0)) | 1.8 (1.0) (1.0 (0.5)) | 1.6 (0.8) (1.0 (1.0)) |
Statistical significant differences per bout of exercise (p < 0,05); * = 1 vs. 2, ˟ = 1 vs. 3, º = 1 vs. 4, ± = 2 vs. 3, • = 2 vs. 4, ÷ = 3 vs. 4; Abbreviations: Δ = delta, Borg D = Borg dyspnea, Borg F = Borg fatigue, SpO2 = saturation of peripheral oxygen, HR = heart rate, BF = breathing frequency, tcPaCO2 = transcutaneous partial pressure of carbon dioxide, VT = tidal volume, IQR = interquartile range.