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. 2019 Nov 12;8(11):1946. doi: 10.3390/jcm8111946

Table 3.

Study characteristics of all 45 publications included in the systematic review and meta-analysis.

Names of the Authors (Year of Publication) Sample Size Potential Sub-Sampling of Sample of Interest (Between-Person) Experi-mental Condition (Within-Person) Cycle Phases Compared Potential Validation Of Cycle Phase Measure Indexing CVA Body Position During CVA Assessment
Menstrual Mid-To-Late Follicular Ovulatory Early-To-Mid Luteal Premenstrual
Abidi et al. (2017) [58] 12 - - “Low hormone”:
Day 2–5		 “High hormone”:
Day 18–24		 HFnu Supine
Armbruster et al. (2018) [59] 45 - - “Early follicular”:
Day 1–7		 “Late luteal”:
Day 6–1 before menstrual onset		 Saliva hormone analyses of E2, P4, Testosterone RMSSD Sitting
Bai et al. (2009) [60] 16 - - “Follicular”:
Day = 11.9 ± 1.4; range 10–14		 “Luteal”:
Day = 22.0 ± 1.4; range 20–24		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HF in ms2 Supine
Baker et al. (2008) [61] 21 PMS versus Controls - “Mid-follicular”
Day 6–12		 “Late-luteal”
Day 9–13 after LH-surge		 Blood hormone analyses of P4 RMSSD Supine
Balayssac-Siransy et al. (2014) [40] 14 - Active Recovery 3rd min “Menstrual”:
Day = 2.9 ± 0.6; range 1–5		 “Follicular”:
Day = 13.0 ± 1.4; 4 days preceding ovulation		 “Luteal”:
Day = 23.1 “Luteal” 1.4; 6–10 days after ovulation		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HRR Sitting
Brar et al. (2015) [62] 50 - - “Menstrual”:
Day = 2		 “Proliferative”:
Day = 10		 “Secretory”:
Day = 21		 RMSSD Sitting
Choudhary et al. (2016) [63] 100 Eggetarians versus Non-vegetarians versus Vegetarians - “Menses”:
Day 1–2		 “Follicular”:
Day 7–10		 “Luteal”:
Day 7–3 days before menstrual onset		 HF in ms2 Supine
Chung & Yang (2011) [44] 12 - Day Shift “Menses”:
Day 1–2		 “Follicular”:
Day 7–10		 “Luteal”:
Day 7–3 before menstrual onset		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HF in ms2 24 h
Cooke et al. (2002) [50] 10 - - Day 0–8 Day 9–14 Day 15–20 Day 21–25 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 BS Supine
De Zambotti et al. (2013) [42] 26 PMS versus Controls REM sleep “Mid-follicular”:
Day 6–11		 “Mid-luteal”:
Day 5–9 after LH-surge on average 8 ± 2 days before menstrual onset		 “Late-luteal”:
Day 10–14 after LH-surge on average 3 ± 2 days before menstrual onset		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 lnHF Supine
Devaki et al. (2014) [64] 15 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 1–5		 “Proliferative”:
Day 9–12		 “Secretory”:
Day 19–22 		HFnu Supine
Dimitriev et al. (2007) [65] 10 - - “Follicular”:
Day 7–11		 “Luteal”:
Day 7–3 before menstrual onset		 HF in ms2 n/a
Grrishma et al. (2015) [66] 60 - - “Follicular”:
Day 8–10		 “Luteal”:
Day 5–1 before menstrual onset		 HF in ms2 Supine
Guasti et al. (1999) [67] 13 - - “Follicular”
Day 4–6		 “Luteal”:
Day 20–26		 HFnu Supine
Huang et al. (2015) [68] 10 - - “Mid-follicular”:
n/a		 “Mid-luteal”:
n/a		 Blood hormone analyses of P4 HFnu n/a
Konishi et al. (2008) [69] 12 - - “Postmenstrual”:
Day 3–7 after cessation of bleeding		 “Premenstrual”:
Day 10–3 before menstrual onset		 HF in ms2 Seated
Kulshreshtha et al. (2013) [53] 45 PMS versus Controls - “Follicular”:
Day = 7		 “Luteal”:
Day = 21		 DBT n/a
Landén et al. (2004) [70] 39 PMDD versus Controls - “Follicular”:
Day 6–10		 “Luteal”:
Day 5–0 before menstrual onset		 RMSSD 24 h
Leicht et al. (2003) [71] 10 - - “Menses”:
Day = 3.8 ± 0.5; range 1–5		 “Ovulation”:
Day = 15.8 ± 0.7; range 11–21		 “Luteal”:
Day = 22.1 ± 0.4; range 21–24		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HF in ms2 Supine
Liu et al. (2013) [72] 27 High versus Low Neuroticism - “Menstruation”:
Day 1–4		 “Ovulation”:
Day 11–13		 “Luteal”:
Day 21–22		 HFnu n/a
Lüthi et al. (2008) [49] 10 - - “Follicular”:
Day 3–6		 “Mid-cycle”:
Day of/day after LH-surge		 “Luteal”:
Day 6–8 after LH-surge		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 RSA Seated
Matsumoto et al. (2006) [73] 30 High versus Middle versus Low Premenstrual Symptomatology - “Follicular”:
Day 1–5		 “Late luteal”:
Day 7–1 before menstrual onset		 Urinary hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HF in ms2 Supine
McKinley et al. (2009) [74] 49 - - “Early-to-mid-follicular”:
Day 4–10		 “Mid-luteal”:
Day 3 after LH-surge–5 days before menstrual onset		 logRMSSD 24 h
Minson et al. (2000) [51] 9 - - “Early follicular”:
Day 2–4		 “Midluteal”:
Day 8–10 after LH-surge		 Blood hormone analyses of E2, P4, LH, follicle stimulating hormone CBS Supine
Nakagawa et al. (2006) [75] 11 - - “Follicular”:
Day = 9.5 ± 0.5; range 7–12		 “Luteal”:
Day = 23.2 ± 0.8; range 18–26		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 RMSSD n/a
Nakamura et al. (2013) [76] 18 Athlete versus Control - “Early follicular”:
Day 4–8		 “Middle luteal”:
Day 5–10 after ovulation		 lnHF Supine
Ohara et al. (2015) [45] 7 - Eating Trial “Follicular”:
n/a		 “Luteal”:
n/a		 HF in ms2 Supine
Pestana et al. (2018) [77] 19 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 1–9		 “Luteal”:
Day 15-day before menstrual onset		 HFnu Supine
Princi et al. (2005) [78] 6 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 3“Follicular”:
Day 7		 “Luteal”:
Day 21		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HF in ms2 Sitting
Rawal & Saini (2014) [79] 20 - - “Menstrual”:
n/a		 “Follicular”:
n/a		 “Luteal”:
n/a		 RMSSD Supine
Saeki et al. (1997) [80] 10 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 1–3		 “Follicular”:
Period between menstrual and ovulatory phases		 “Ovulatory”:
Period of 4 days beginning 3 days prior to the day of ovuluation		 “Luteal”:
Period between ovulatory and premenstrual phases		 “Premenstrual”:
Days 7–1 before menstrual onset		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HF in sec2 Supine
Sato & Miyake (2004) [81] 14 - - “Follicular”:
Day 7–11		 “Luteal”:
Days 7–3 before menstrual onset		 HF in ms2 Sitting
Sato et al. (1995) [82] 20 - - “Follicular”:
Day 7–10		 “Luteal”:
Days 7–3 before menstrual onset		 Blood hormone analyses of P4 HF in ms2 Sitting
Seebauer et al. (2002) [83] 26 Low versus medium versus high average HR “Menstruation”:
Day 1–4		 “Early follicular”: Remaining days between end of menses and mid-follicular phase
“Mid-follicular”: 3 days preceding late follicular phase
“Late follicular”:
3 days preceding ovulation phase		 “Ovulation”: Positive test result ± 1 day (duration 3 days) “Early luteal”: 4 days following ovulation phase
“Mid-luteal”:
4 days following ovulation phase		 “Late-luteal”:
Remaining days between end of mid-luteal phase and onset of menses		 logRSA Supine
Shetty et al. (2010) [84] 54 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 1–5		 “Follicular”:
Day 6–14		 “Luteal”:
Day 15–28 or menstrual onset		 HF in ms2 Supine
Teixeira et al. (2015) [52] 13 - - “Early follicular”:
Day = 3.6 ± 1.2; range 1–5		 “Ovulatory”:
Day = 14.3 ± 08; range 13–16		 “Mid-luteal”:
Day = 21.3 ± 0.8; range 20–24		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 CVI Supine
Tenan et al. (2014) [85] 13 - - “Early follicular”:
Equally spaced with late follicular phase from menstrual onset until ovulatory phase		 “Late follicular”:
Equally spaced with early follicular phase from menstrual onset until ovulatory phase		 “Ovulatory”:
3-day period		 “Midluteal”:
Equally spaced with late luteal phase from end of ovulatory phase until menstrual onset		 “Late luteal”:
Equally spaced with early luteal phase from end of ovulatory phase until menstrual onset		 lnHF Sitting
Tousignant-Laflamme & Marchand (2009) [86] 29 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 1–3		 “Ovulatory”:
Day 12–14		 “Luteal”:
Day 19–23		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 HF in ms2 Sitting
Usha Rani et al. (2013) [87] 50 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 1–5		 “Follicular”:
Day 6–14		 “Luteal”:
Day 15–28		 HFnu n/a
Veldhuijzen von Zanten et al. (2009) [88] 12 - - “Follicular”:
Day 4–9		 “Luteal”:
Day 19–25		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 and P4 RMSSD Supine
Verma et al. (2018) [54] 50 - - “Menstrual”:
Day 1–5		 “Follicular”:
Day 9–12		 “Luteal phase”:
Day 19–25		 Valsalva Sitting
Voronova et al. (2015) [43] 21 - Spring “Early follicular”:
Day 7		 “Late follicular”: Day 13
“Ovulation”: Day 16		 “Luteal”:
Day 24		 RMSSD Supine
Weissman et al. (2009) [57] 14 “Early follicular”:
Day 2–3		 “Preovulatory”:
Just before ovulation		 Blood hormone analyses of E2 HFnu Supine
Yazar (2016) [89] 30 - - “Late follicular”:
Day 9–13		 “Mid-luteal”:
Day 19–23		 RMSSD n/a
Yildirir et al. (2001) [90] 43 - - “Follicular”:
Day 10–12		 “Luteal”:
Day 19–23		 HF in m/sn2 Supine

Note. PMDD = premenstrual dysphoric disorder; PMS = premenstrual syndrome; PS = premenstrual symptomatology; LH = luteinizing hormone; E2 = estradiol; P4 = progesterone; RMSSD = root mean square of successive differences between adjacent RR intervals; HF = high frequency component in the power spectrum range; HRR = heart rate reactivity; CVI = cardiac vagal index; DBT = deep breathing test; Valsalva = Valsalva ratio; BS = baroreflex slope; RSA = respiratory sinus arrhythmia; CBS = cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity; n/a = information not available.