Table 1.
Genes involved in EMT and their miRNA regulators. Molecular relation of regulatory miRNAs and their target mRNAs were validated in different model systems.
| Relation to EMT | Target Gene | Experimentally Validated Inhibitory miRNA(s) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| epithelial markers | CDH1 | E-cadherin | miR-9 [100], miR-25 [102], miR-92a [103] |
| mesenchymal markers | CDH2 | N-cadherin | miR-194 [107], miR-199a [109], miR-145 [111] |
| VIM | vimentin | miR-30a [112] | |
| FN1 | fibronectin | miR-200b [115], miR-200c [114] | |
| transcription factors | SNAI1 | snail family transcriptional repressor 1 | miR-34a [118], miR-199a [109], miR-30a [119,120] |
| ZEB1 | zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 | miR-200 family [18,121] | |
| ZEB2 | zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 2 | miR-200 family [18,121], miR-192 [122] | |
| TWIST1 | twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 | miR-145 [123] | |
| matrix metalloproteinases | MMP2 | matrix metallopeptidase 2 | miR-29b [124] |
| MMP9 | matrix metallopeptidase 9 | miR-29b [125] | |
| JAK-STAT pathway | JAK2 | Janus kinase 2 | miR-375 [126,127] |
| NOTCH pathway | NOTCH1 | notch receptor 1 | miR-34a [128], miR-30a [129] |
| NOTCH2 | notch receptor 2 | miR-34a [128], miR-30a [129], miR-107 [130] | |
| WNT pathway | WNT3A | Wnt family member 3A | miR-491 [131] |
| TGFβ pathway | SMAD2 | SMAD family member 2 | miR-200b [99] |
| Tyrosin kinase receptor associated signaling | FGF2 | fibroblast growth factor 2 | miR-194 [132] |
| FGF7 | fibroblast growth factor 7 | miR-489 [133] | |
| AXL | AXL receptor tyrosine kinase | miR-34a [134,135], miR-199a [135], miR-92b [136] | |
| EGR1 | early growth response 1 | miR-192 [122], miR-181a [137] | |
| hypoxia | HIF1α | hypoxia inducible factor 1 | miR-199a [138,139], miR-107 [140] |
| LOX | lysyl oxidase | miR-200b [141], miR-30a [142] | |