Mean and standard error of pharyngeal pumping (A), body length (B), fertility (C) and reproduction (D) of Caenorhabditis elegans exposed to different NPs, at 10 mg/mL concentration. One-way ANOVA was not significant for pharyngeal pumping (p > 0.05). ANOVA tests were significant for body length, fertility and reproduction (p < 0.05). For each graph, similar letters (a,b) indicate no significant differences between the NPs experimental groups, after Bonferroni post hoc testing at p < 0.05. D-NPs: doxycycline-doped nanoparticles. NPs: undoped nanoparticles. Zn-NPs: zinc-doped nanoparticles.