Table 2.
Predictors of long-term disability.
| Unadjusted Analysis | Multivariate Analysis * | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | |
| Age | 1.08 | 1.07–1.10 | 0.001 | 1.09 | 1.06–1.12 | 0.001 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Females | 1.00 | |||||
| Males | 0.43 | 0.30–0.57 | 0.001 | 0.96 | 0.60–1.54 | 0.9 |
| Post–stroke seizures | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.97 | 1.01–3.92 | 0.05 | 2.29 | 0.80–6–56 | 0.1 |
| Stroke subtypes | ||||||
| IS | 1.00 | |||||
| ICH | 1.96 | 1.17–3.82 | 0.01 | 3.01 | 1.50–6.07 | 0.002 |
| Small–vessel occlusion based on TOAST classification | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 0.17 | 0.10–0.29 | 0.001 | 0.58 | 0.21–1–60 | 0.3 |
| Undetermined etiology based on TOAST classification | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 3.28 | 2.27–4.74 | 0.001 | 1.99 | 0.98–4.01 | 0.06 |
| TACI based on OCSP classification | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 6.42 | 2.26–18–20 | 0.001 | 1.12 | 0.33–3.85 | 0.8 |
| LACI based on OCSP classification | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 0.42 | 0.28–0.64 | 0.001 | 1.34 | 0.68–2.65 | 0.4 |
| Hemorrhagic transformation | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 3.41 | 1.89–6.36 | 0.001 | 2.04 | 0.92–4.57 | 0.08 |
| Cortical stroke | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.84 | 1.28–2.65 | 0.001 | 1.33 | 0.78–2.27 | 0.3 |
| NIHSS at admission | 1.18 | 1.13–1.22 | 0.001 | 1.14 | 1.09–1.19 | 0.001 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 1.76 | 1.18–2.63 | 0.005 | 1.15 | 0.63–2.12 | 0.6 |
| Atrial fibrillation | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 2.72 | 1.85–4.00 | 0.001 | 1.59 | 0.80–3.15 | 0.2 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 0.55 | 0.38–0.80 | 0.002 | 0.95 | 0.56–1.59 | 0.8 |
| Smoking | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 0.58 | 0.38–0.88 | 0.01 | 1.34 | 0.72–2.49 | 0.3 |
| Hyponatremia | ||||||
| No | 1.00 | |||||
| Yes | 2.02 | 1.02–4.02 | 0.04 | 1.74 | 0.72–4.24 | 0.2 |
* OR was also adjusted for the following variables: IS due to large artery atherosclerosis based on TOAST classification (p = 0.07 in univariate analysis) and hypernatremia (p = 0.08 in univariate analysis). OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; IS = ischemic stroke; ICH: intracranial hemorrhage; TOAST: Trial of ORG 10,172 in Acute Stroke Treatment; OCSP: Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project; TACI: total anterior circulation infarction; LACI: lacunar circulation infarction; NIHSS: National Institute of Health Stroke Scale.