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. 2019 Nov 1;8(11):1827. doi: 10.3390/jcm8111827

Figure 5.

Figure 5

A representation of the gold standards used by each study to obtain the reference blood pressure. BP cuff—sphygmomanometer, either manual or automatic; not validated—Volume-clamp method, applanation tonometry (use of pressure sensors on the artery to detect systolic BP), or another PPG technology that has not been fully validated as the gold standard for BP measurement; invasive IBP—invasive arterial blood pressure.