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. 2019 Nov 11;8(11):1418. doi: 10.3390/cells8111418

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© 2019 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Elevated adipose interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in obesity. Adipose tissue IL-6 gene expression was determined in five lean, six overweight, and 19 obese non-diabetic individuals using real-time RT-PCR, while IL-6 protein expression was also determined in six lean, 14 overweight, and 10 obese non-diabetic individuals using immunohistochemistry (IHC) as described in Materials and Methods. The data (mean ± SEM) show that (A) IL-6 adipose gene expression was elevated in obese (P = 0.03) compared with lean individuals. (B) IL-6 protein expression (IHC intensity expressed in arbitrary units) was also increased both in overweight (P = 0.0004) and obese (P < 0.0001) as compared with lean individuals. (C) The representative IHC images obtained from three independent determinations with similar results show elevated adipose tissue IL-6 expression (brown arrows, 100× magnification) in overweight and obese as compared with lean individuals. Scale bar = 50 μM. (D) IRF5 and IL-6 gene expression did not correlate in the adipose tissue (r = 0.26, P = 0.07). The asterisks *, ***, and **** represent significance levels of P ≤ 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.0001, respectively.

Elevated adipose interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression in obesity. Adipose tissue IL-6 gene expression was determined in five lean, six overweight, and 19 obese non-diabetic individuals using real-time RT-PCR, while IL-6 protein expression was also determined in six lean, 14 overweight, and 10 obese non-diabetic individuals using immunohistochemistry (IHC) as described in Materials and Methods. The data (mean ± SEM) show that (A) IL-6 adipose gene expression was elevated in obese (P = 0.03) compared with lean individuals. (B) IL-6 protein expression (IHC intensity expressed in arbitrary units) was also increased both in overweight (P = 0.0004) and obese (P < 0.0001) as compared with lean individuals. (C) The representative IHC images obtained from three independent determinations with similar results show elevated adipose tissue IL-6 expression (brown arrows, 100× magnification) in overweight and obese as compared with lean individuals. Scale bar = 50 μM. (D) IRF5 and IL-6 gene expression did not correlate in the adipose tissue (r = 0.26, P = 0.07). The asterisks *, ***, and **** represent significance levels of P ≤ 0.05, P < 0.001, and P < 0.0001, respectively.